Dinâmica e diferenciação dos sistemas agrários do território dos Vales do Curu e Aracatiaçu: estudo de caso no município de Pentecoste, CE

Abstract

Knowing how it evolves and what elements determine the production process in the field in a particular region is a key to the construction of new alternatives to regional agricultural development. This work studied the complex reality of the territory of Curu and Aracatiaçu Valleys located in Ceará, based on a case study in the city of Pentecost, as an effort to build knowledge and analysis. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems (ADSA) in the city of Pentecost and measure the Social Exclusion Index (HEI), identifying the types of farmers, their production systems and local development stage. 163 questionnaires obtained through direct interviews with producers in the municipality of Pentecost were used. It could be observed that most of the city's farmers is in a situation of extreme social fragility, practicing subsistence agriculture, and depending on incomes out of productive activity as wage labor and government transfers as family allowance and crop insurance. Low income earned and the unpreparedness for the climatic conditions (prolonged drought) that are submitted can be concluded that these producers can minimally ensure their social reproduction. On the other hand, it could be seen that farmers have implemented production systems based on livestock and irrigation associated with the production of coconut and banana gets indicators of economic and social performance satisfactory enabling exceed the minimum level of social reproduction. According to the IES of the communities studied, 38.46% of them were in a high state of deprivation, 57.59% are in the average range and only a community was seen with low deprivation. It is noteworthy that no community was in the very high rating, ie, the worst level of deprivation. Considering Pentecost as a whole and adopting its IES 2012 (56.78%), that is, the city was at the high level of deprivation. Comparing the IES rural communities surveyed with the 2012 Pentecost municipality, it was noticed an improvement, since most (57.59%) was in the average range of deprivation.