Expressão de fator nuclear kappa b (nf-kb) e de interleucina 18 (il-18) no carcinoma inflamatório e carcinoma localmente avançado não inflamatório da mama

Abstract

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer. It is more common in young women and unfavorably, in most of the times, evolves quickly. Presents with typical signs of inflammation such as hyperemia and hyperthermia its pathogenesis and evolution has been associated with possible participation of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (TNF-α e IL-1β), enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] and nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]), as well as, transcription factors (Nuclear Factor kappa B [NF-kB]) able to inducing them. In this regard, the objective of this research was to determine the NF-kB and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression in tissue samples obtained from IBC and Noninflammatory Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC). The Hypothesis is that IBC would presents an increased expression of these factors than LABC. Demographics data and tumor characteristics, including response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in both tumor populations were also used to assessment and comparison. Furthermore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of IL-18 and p50 nuclear fraction of NF-kB by immunohistochemistry in specimens from IBC and LABC (T4b). Data analysis showed that about a quarter of cases of CIM occur in women up to 40 years. The overall survival is less in the group of CIM compared to LABC (2.3 vs. 4.3 years, respectively). This difference was also evident in the subgroups RE+, C-erbB-, and triple negative (2.3 vs. 4.4 years to ER+; 2.1 vs. 4.4 years to C-erbB2-; 2.0 vs. 3.4 for triple negative, respectively). Furthermore, it was not possible to detect differences in expression of NF-kB or IL-18 in the CIM and LABC groups. In summary, a quarter of the IBC cases studied appear in younger women (up to 40 years). The IBC has worse prognosis associated with less survival compared to LABC, as evidenced also in subgroups RE+, C-erbB-, and triple negative. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the expression of NF-kB and IL-18 in the IBC and LABC groups.