Detecção de anticorpos séricos e salivares anti-antígeno glicofenólico de Mycobacterium leprae em residentes de localidades do município de Itaitinga, CE

Abstract

The metropolitan area of Fortaleza is important leprosy transmission area according to the control strategy of the Ministry of Health's D isease in this area the municipality of Itaitinga has highlighted, because of its high incidence with characterization of hyperendemic municipality. The study conducted geore ferencing of cases reported in 2013 by the municipality with definition of three specific groups (01 - contacts, 02 - interviewed the high incidence region and 03 – interviewed the low incidence region) according to the incidence rates of the neighborhoods . Were also analyzed the levels of glicofeno lic anti - immunoglobulin antigen of Mycobacterium leprae serum (IgG and IgM) and salivary (IgA and IgM) of residents correlating them with forms of exposure to the disease by analyzing the residents of different r egions in the city of Itaitinga in which, had different numbers of new cases of leprosy between 2007 - 2013. The variables studied sexo, age, work, study, BCG immunization and symptoms did not showed significant correlation with contacts or cases of leprosy. Although contacts have risk odds of seropositivity in levels of serum IgM (prevalent risk = 3.22, p = 0,04) than respondents who did not have contacts, this relationship does not follow the other analyzed indices (serum IgG, IgM salivary and salivary IgA ). The evaluations carried of the information of georeferencing of the residents showed a negative trend in the relationship between serum IgM (r = - 0.1352) and serum IgG (r = - 0.1298) with distances of residents in relation to the index cases. Levels of salivary IgM antibodies (r = 0.0676) differ from the relation of serum levels and take positive trend, however salivary IgA levels (r = 0,00639) have continuous behavior without differentiation of immunoglobulin values. The study proposes the determinatio n of serum IgM of all risk - based contacts, according to the shorter distances (0 - 300 meters) found within of the regions. The dosage of immunoglobulins can assist in exposure assessment and follow - up contacts with high levels within the areas of higher inc idence of leprosy cases. This assessment needs to expand the studies by serology of the contacts and residents of areas at risk of leprosy by broaden the foundations as a support tool to be incorporated into routine on early diagnosis of leprosy