Damião Ximenes Lopes: a "condenação da saúde mental" brasileira na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e sua relação com os rumos da reforma psiquiátrica

Abstract

Reverse psychiatric hospitalization and the perverse death of Damião Ximenes Lopes in 1999 in the Rest Home Hospital Guararapes, in Sobral, Ceará called us to discuss the emergence of Human Rights after the Second World War, emphasizing the human right mental health and the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. In the comparison of these points we found that the death of Damião Ximenes Lopes led Brazil to be sentenced for the first time in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2006. The judgment in this case is the subject of our research, to the extent that it represents a real "condemnation of mental" Brazilian health and points further actions to consolidate the psychiatric reform from the side of human rights and supervises its directions in our times. In this regard, aligned to the field of Critical Social Psychology, we use the case study method, contextualizing it with elements of the theory of the state of emergency of bare life and inclusive exclusion of Giorgio Agamben in order to understand the field of asylum House Rest Guararapes and the subsequent case of psychiatric hospital death. The research reveals how the era of rights applied for exception, was performed desappling itself. It is a perspective that helps us to launch new criticism about the death of Damião Ximenes Lopes, taking into account that the said Court judgment is the way to rethink the Brazilian mental health, not only as an end (to the rule of sentence), but as a means endless for consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform in our times.