Proteínas inibidoras de fitopatógenos em fluidos laticíferos: atividade e mecanismo de ação.

Abstract

Canal systems containing secretions, such as latex, are widely disseminated in the plant kingdom. These fluids are chemically complex and exhibit intense metabolism. Despite their origin, latex is the cytoplasm of specialized cells growing intrusively into organized tissues and organs, forming an interconnected network allowing latex exudation immediately after tissue damage. Insecticidal effects of latex proteins have been described, however minor studies were devoted to investigate antifungal activities in latex. In this study proteins extracted from latex of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br (PLCp), Plumeria rubra L.(PLPr), Carica candamarcensis Hook F.(P1 G10), Cryptostegia grandiflora (PLCg), and Euphorbia tirucalli L. (PLEt) were tested for antifungal activity against six phytopathogens (Fusarium solani, F. oxysporium, Aspergilus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Neurospora sp. and Colletrotricum gloerosporioides). PLCp, PLCg and P1G10 exhibited antifungal activity and PLPr and PLEt were not efetive. Inhibitory activity of the protein fractions correlated with the cysteine-type proteolytic activity found in these fractions. The endogenous proteolytic activity and inhibitory activity on fungal growth were both increased when samples were first activated with DTT, a cysteine proteinase activator. Conversely, pre-treatment of samples with iodoacetamide, an inhibitor of these proteases rendered all samples deficient of both, proteolytic and antifungal activities. Antifungal of activity of cysteine proteinases of latex origin was also confirmed when papain, obtained from latex of Caryca papaya was tested while purified trypsin and chemotrysin, two serine-type proteases were not antifungal. A cysteine proteinase was thus, purified form PLCg by ion exchange chromatography on a Mono-S Sepharose matrix monitored by a FPLC system. The protein, named Cg24-I exhibited molecular mass of 26.118 KDa determined by MALDI spectrometry; maximum of proteolysis at pH 8.0 and inhibited by iodoacetamide and E-64 when assayed with azocazein or BANA as substrates. Cg24-I inhibited germination of F. solani and altered membrane permeability of spores at a minimum concentration of 90 ng/ml. Results present here suggest that cysteine proteinases of laticifer fluids are proteins with antifungal activity capable of damaging spore structure and inhibiting hyphae growth. Reports of antifungal activity of latex proteases are still scarce in literature and this work appears as an important contribution to this field. Furthermore, this work gives important evidence for the multiple defensive role of latex in plants.