Caracterização bioquímica e molecular da oxidase terminal da plastoquinona (PTOX) em Zea mays.

Abstract

The chloroplast is an organelle characteristic of photosynthetic organisms and their role in generating energy from carbon dioxide and water. This organelle may be functionally compromised when subjected to environmental stresses due to the fragility and complexity of the system. To avoid losses caused by stress there are several mechanisms of adaptation and adjustment of the reactions that occur in the chloroplast. Recently characterized most likely of these mechanisms has been called clororespiração. The clororespiração was clarified with the discovery of an enzyme similar to mitochondria that the alternative oxidase is called terminal plastid oxidase (PtOx). The function of chloroplast respiration remains uncertain, but one of the most accepted hypothesis is that the operation of clororespiração could prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species by recycling intermediate reducing the chloroplast. Characterized in this study was the presence of two genes coding for the terminal oxidase in plant plastid of Zea mays. Was also studied the differential expression of both genes in response PtOx or water stress, and the characterization of clororespiração through the activity of the NADH dehydrogenase plastid (NDH) polyacrylamide gel. The molecular characterization of genes PtOx showed homology of 60% when comparing the sequences of genes and 79% when compared to the pre-translated proteins. Genes of this protein have similar structures are composed of eight introns and exons 9. A study of regions of the promoters of the genes showed that there were common elements but the presence of different elements as the cis elements that MBS is responssivo drought, could reveal a differential regulation of genes. The differential response was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The gene was called ptox1 stable expression could be considered a constitutive gene, whereas the gene was called ptox2 increased expression proportional to applied stress in both leaves and roots of corn plants. The analysis of the activity of NDH gel (zymogram) revealed the presence of this enzyme in chloroplasts corn confirming the presence of enzymes clororespiração. The phylogenetic analysis of cDNA sequences from databases showed that corn and sorghum in the group of monocots are closely related species which share two of the orthologous genes identified as PtOx ptox1 and ptox2. It appeared that the first time the presence of two genes PtOx into the maize genome, a C4 monocotiledôena metabolism. Genes were named ptox1 and ptox2. They were found in the roots and leaves and only ptox2 gene appeared to be induced in response to osmotic stress.