Contribuição para a padronização química de espécies do gênero Plectranthus: derivatização e validação de métodos analíticos para a quantificação de marcadores químicos

Abstract

Plectranthus grandis (Cramer) Willense is a medicinal plant popularly known in Ceará as boldo-grande, used by population in substitution of P. barbatus (boldo), it shows gastroprotective activity already proven for herb and for some isolated diterpenes, scientifically validating this way its popular use. This work describes the analytical procedures used and obtained results, aiming to contribute to chemical standardization of four Plectranthus species. Barbatusin and 3β-hydroxy-3-deoxobarbatusin diterpenes were isolated by chromatographic techniques, being possible to develop selective extration method of barbatusin, which enabled to obtain significant amount of this substance. Derivatization reactions were performed, getting 3-hydroxy-3-deoxobarbatusin, having gastroprotective activity, in vivo, already reported in the literature, and oxyimine product of barbatusin, unpublished in the literature, with cytotoxic activity more potent than its precursor. Estrutural elucidation were performed by infra-red spectroscopy, NMR 1H and NMR 13C, compared with literature data. Using HPLC-DAD, methods were developed for quantification of barbatusin and 3β-hydroxy-3-deoxobarbatusin, in wich suitable parameters have been found of linearty (r2 > 0,99), for both analytes. The method was validated and presented linearty (r2 = 0,9931 for barbatusin and r2 = 0,9966 for 3β-hydroxy-3-deoxobarbatusin), selectivity, within-day precision (RSD < 2,8% for barbatusin and RSD < 3,5% for 3β-hydroxy-3-deoxobarbatusin), accuracy (recovery between 81,7% a 115,1%). The methods so developed have been applied to the leaves extracts of P. grandis, P. barbatus, P. amboinicus and P. ornatus. The larvicidal and cytotoxic potential of the four Plectranthus species were evaluated, as well as the purê compounds, showing promising cytotoxic activty for three strains of tumor cells.