Da pesca artesanal à agricultura familiar: A multifuncionalidade a partir da unidade familiar de produção. estudo de caso

Abstract

People or social groups have been practicing fishing and agriculture since pre-colonial Brazil. Along the years, thesse groups have restructured themselves and resisted through socialo and production relations, transforming the spaces they occupy. Through their practices, they reaafirm their knowledge, cultures and identities. In this sense, multifunctionality arises astheoretical and analytical tool with the perspective to understand the rural not only as a production space, but enlarges it loook up to the relations that happen in this spzce and the implications for the society. However, researches related to multifunctionality only use as object of study family-based agriculture. This work enlarges this scope also for fammily-based fishing, not only in an isolated way, but also combined with agriculture. Thereby, this study aims at analyzing, through the scope of multifunctionality, fishing and agriculture activities developed by the families of the Apiques rural community, into the rural settlement of Maceió, in Itapipoca, Ceará state. Therefore, we used as a methodology the Analysis Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems, subsidized by the technique of participant observation research, including also the realization of a participative talking with the members of the community. As a resut, we managed to elaborate an Agroecosystemic and Social Zoning of the community, divided in four zones, a tipology of the Production Systems, as well as the graphics of both labor and fertility and products flows of the identified production systems, then analyzed for their socioeconomic aspects. Besides the identification of the subjects from their practices and their relation to land acess with the realization of fishing and agriculture activities. The research hypothesis was accepted, this way fishing and agriculture developed by the families contribute, besides the productive importance, to the food safety and sovereignty, socioeconomic reporduction, cultural links maintenance and identify of the rural families of the Maceió settlement in Itapipoca, Ceará state, suggesting the multifunctionality of agrarian activities, not only for the families who live from it, but for all the society. However, we understood that some of the production systems appear to be more expressive in determinate functions. Those of the familiues who deal with fishing into their production systems find themselves in a better capitalization situation regarding to the others families who do not develop this activityTherefore, from the experience gained in this study, we believe that the complex relation that exists between fishing and agriculture was what turned possible to understand the multifunctional aspects of the families and the expansion of this concept, that through the peasant rationality, join both activities, transforming the rural space and landscape, reflecting into the multiplicity of living of those subjects.