http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/907 ENSAIO SOBRE POBREZA, ESTUDOS ECONÔMICOS,TEXTOS PARA DISCUSSÃO. Fri, 15 May 2026 15:29:00 GMT 2026-05-15T15:29:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75434 Título: The role of network in the sir model Autor(es): André, Keven Roger Alves Abstract: Mathematical models have been often used to simulate the dynamics of the spread of infectious disease, as well as to test containment public policy proposals. The goal of this work is to study how a network structure can determine the evolution of an epidemic. For that, we use a usceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) macroeconomic model in the presence of a network nvironment. Network models have been important in the job search discussion. In our epidemiological model, the network structure is an important cause of the spread of the disease. Intuitively, more connected people in the social circle are the main vector of the virus. On the other hand, those people with few connections should be less exposed to the disease. We study the behavior of the pandemic for different types of network, from a low connected one to a high connected one. We find exactly the expected relationship: because more connected economies (economies with a higher average number of links) spread the virus faster, they face harder consequences in a pandemic scenario, such as a greater fall on aggregate consumption and hours worked due to both the higher number of deaths and the susceptible agents’ higher attempt to stay at home and avoid physical contacts. Susceptible agents are more cautious in regard to the decision of their level of consumption and hours worked as the economy becomes more socially connected, once the consequences of leaving home to consume or to work are harder in the higher connected economy because of its higher number of infected people. Tipo: Dissertação Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75434 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75215 Título: Essays on the role on informality, corruption and social networks in Brazil Autor(es): Magalhães, Marcos Renan Vasconcelos Abstract: This thesis is composed of three essays on informality, corruption and social networks and their respective dynamics with macroeconomic aggregates based on microfoundations. In the chapter, we study an equilibrium two-sector occupational choice model - agents can be (formal or informal) entrepreneurs or workers. An informal entrepreneur faces taxation determined by the combination of her capital choice and society’s tolerance of informality. Our model is consistent with many empirical ndings regarding the informal sector in Brazil, a developing economy with a large informal sector. With a calibrated version of our model, we show that as society’s tolerance of informality decreases, the informal sector employs less capital and labor, and informality decreases. We conduct several counterfactual exercises. Informality is substantially lower in economies that are less tolerant of informal activities, formal entrepreneurs have more access to nancial markets, and taxation of output and labor is lower. We extend the model to consider stochastic taxation of informal activities - a higher (average) informal output taxation and its variability reduce informality. In the second chapter, we present a model in which the embezzlement of tax revenues by public ofcials imposes distortionary effects on economic performance through its dentrimental effect on the private sector. The contribution of this article, in addition to the empirical evidence presented, is the study of a tractable economy in which it is possible to evaluate the responses of economic aggregates, via steady state analyzes and dynamic responses to variations and corruption shocks. Our model is consistent with many empirical findings about the Brazilian economy, such as the level of GDP lost to corruption and the number of corrupt bureaucrats. With a calibrated version of our model for the Brazilian economy, we study the quantitative implications of changes in the level of corruption on economic performance by comparing steady state and transition paths of the variables. Overall, our results show that economies with higher corruption control tend to present a better economic performance, with a higher level of output, capital stock, consumption, investment, tax collection and wages. The last article improves the model presented in the second chapter, examining the relationship between social networks and the spread of corruption. We argue that social networks in labor market can facilitate corruption propagation by providing corrupt oficials with opportunities to meet and collude with each other. We develop a model of social networks and corruption propagation in witch workers are endowed with peers exogenously and engage in network search to affect their labor market outcomes. We assume that power-law distributions govern the structure of social networks. We show that a shock on corrupt vacancies initially boosts the rate at which corrupt opportunities appear. Corruption-induced distortions have an adverse effect on the economy’s productivity, leading to reduced demand for capital. These consequences are particularly noticeable in economies where the average number of peers is higher. Concerning the technology shock, there is a positive effect on all components of aggregate demand. Nonetheless, the infuence on the arrival rate of corrupt opportunities varies depending on how we represent the effect on the economy’s output. In one approach, the effect aligns with the notion of hindrance (akin to the "sand-in-the- eels"hypothesis), while in another, it resembles a facilitation (akin to the "grease-in-the-wheels"hypothesis). Our ndings suggest that social networks can play a role in facilitating corruption propagation. Policies should be aimed at weakening labor market networks and increasing the transparency of government procurement and contracting processes. Tipo: Tese Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75215 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/74858 Título: Ensaios em modelos DSGE novo-keynesianos aplicados à economia brasileira Autor(es): Linhares, Gerson Guilherme Lima Abstract: This thesis is based on two essays with applications of the DSGE-TANK model to Brazil. In the first essay, a DSGE-TANK model is developed for Brazil, with Ricardian households and non-Ricardian households, and the Galí, López-Salido and Vallés (2007) model is expanded with distortive taxation and introduction of the public capital stock in the production function. The bjective is to discover the effects of government spending shocks and government investment shocks on aggregate private consumption and on Ricardian and non-Ricardian decentralized private consumption through impulse response functions (IRF's) and verify the presence of crowding-in effect or crowding-out effect. The results found from the calibration and Bayesian estimation point to the crowding-in effect of both shocks on aggregate private consumption and non-Ricardian private consumption and the crowding-out effect on Ricardian private consumption in Brazil. Both shocks lead to an increase in output, a reduction in private investment, an increase in inflation, an increase in the nominal interest rate and, subsequently, an increase in taxation on consumption, capital, and labor so that the government can finance its expenditures and investments. Therefore, in Brazil, an expansionist policy of government spending and/or investment has a positive effect on general private consumption and on the consumption of the poorest portion of the population. However, it has a negative effect on the consumption of the portion of the population that has access to the credit market, that is, it reduces the consumption of the richest portion of the population. In the second essay, the objective is to estimate the impacts of shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil through a DSGE-TANK model from Galí, López-Salido and Vallés (2007) expanded with distorting taxation, pandemic demand shock (negative shock on consumption preferences), according to Faria-e-Castro (2021), and pandemic supply shock (positive shock on the disutility of work), following Mihailov (2020). The calibration of the model parameters and the IRF's of the variables for the two pandemic shocks were used. The IRF's results showed that both shocks resulted in a drop in aggregate output, aggregate consumption, aggregate working hours, Ricardian and non-Ricardian consumption, and Ricardian working hours. Both shocks had more perverse effects on the consumption of the poorest households, that is, on non-Ricardian households, which do not have access to credit. While the negative shock of consumption preferences presents a rapid recovery in aggregate product and a deflationary effect, the positive shock of labor disutility provides a slow recovery in aggregate product, a stagflationary effect and an increase in public debt. Tipo: Tese Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/74858 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73737 Título: O banco Palmas e sua moeda social digital como estratégia de desenvolvimento local sustentável Autor(es): Vieira Filho, Paulo Dídimo Camurça Abstract: The current scenario of inequality and social exclusion in the country portrays the serious problems faced by the Brazilian population in which they are denied basic freedoms such as food, health, housing, security, and others. In Fortaleza, in Conjunto Palmeiras, this reality is even more evident. The research proposes to investigate the Palmas Bank and its digital social currency as factors of local interest in confronting social inequality under the perspective of local sustainable development in the capital of the state of Ceará. The research methodology uses bibliographical and documental sources, interviews and secondary data. It uses concepts such as solidarity enterprises and community banks to analyze the local development strategy of Palmas Bank and its digital social currency from an institutional-theoretical and organizational-functional perspective. Based on this perspective, the specific case of the local performance of Palmas Bank and the unique characteristics in the use of its digital platform are examined. To this end, we analyze strategic indicators of credit levels for consumption and small businesses, as well as the volume of purchases with social currency in Fortaleza. We conclude that the performance of the strategic indicators shows Palmas Bank has contributed to local development. These results were motivated by the technological development of its digital platform and the expansion of the Bank's operations to other areas of the city, which was driven by the E-carroceiro program and by the unification in the administration of local digital social currencies. It is concluded that the performance of the strategic indicators shows that Banco Palmas contributed to local development, generating social inclusion, expanding capabilities and realizing social potential through its social programs, banking services, microcredit and its digital social currencies. Tipo: Dissertação Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73737 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z