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Glioblastoma multiforme em nódulos múltiplos do encéfalo e da hipófise posterior, com metástases extracranianas, diabete insípido, xantomatose disseminada

Sun, 01 Jan 1961 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Glioblastoma multiforme em nódulos múltiplos do encéfalo e da hipófise posterior, com metástases extracranianas, diabete insípido, xantomatose disseminada Autor(es): Tomé, Geraldo de Sousa Tipo: Tese

Microbiota intestinal, metabólitos fecais e biomarcadores salivares em crianças com tea: impactos da terapia multiprofissional sobre o eixo intestino–cérebro

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Microbiota intestinal, metabólitos fecais e biomarcadores salivares em crianças com tea: impactos da terapia multiprofissional sobre o eixo intestino–cérebro Autor(es): Cristino, Larissa Maria Frota Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute to its pathophysiology. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of children with ASD and investigate its association with clinical, behavioral, and gestational factors, considering the duration of multidisciplinary therapeutic intervention. This was an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study including children aged 3 to 12 years with and without ASD. The study included 46 children with ASD recruited from the Early Treatment and Stimulation Center of the Federal University of Ceará (Núcleo de Tratamento e Estimulação Precoce – UFC) and 16 neurotypical children. Sociodemographic, gestational, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and adaptive behavior was assessed using the Vineland-3. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina NextSeq). Fecal metabolites and salivary biomarkers were quantified using HPLC, LC-MS/MS, ELISA, and SIMOA. Among children with ASD, 80.43% were male, 50% presented associated comorbidities, 62.86% had been exposed to gestational stress (p=0.0059), and 42.22% required neonatal hospitalization (p=0.0115). The ASD group showed lower scores across all Vineland-3 domains (p<0.0001). Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant differences in beta diversity between groups (PERMANOVA p=0.002; ANOSIM p=0.001), reduced alpha diversity in the ASD group (Observed richness p=0.024; Chao1 p=0.027; 1/Simpson index p=0.044), and an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio (p=0.01). Differential abundance analysis identified enrichment of taxa belonging to the phyla Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota in the control group, including the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Fusobacterium, whereas the ASD group showed enrichment of taxa belonging to the phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, particularly the genus Blautia, the family Eggerthellaceae, and the class Gammaproteobacteria. Children with a shorter duration of therapeutic intervention exhibited lower microbial richness and diversity, whereas those with prolonged intervention displayed microbial diversity profiles similar to those of the control group. Metabolic profiling revealed increased GABA (p=0.0041) and tryptophan (p=0.0146) levels in the ASD group. Children with shorter therapeutic intervention showed higher tryptophan levels (p=0.0271), whereas GABA (p=0.0298) and glutamate (p=0.0383) were associated with poorer Communication scores, and GABA (p=0.0309) and serotonin (p=0.0445) were associated with lower Adaptive Behavior Composite (ABC) scores. Children with ASD also exhibited reduced cortisol levels (p=0.0039) and an increased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (p=0.0461), suggesting hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and possible neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the association between longer multidisciplinary therapeutic intervention and microbial diversity profiles similar to those observed in the control group reinforces the potential of the gut microbiota as a target for future therapeutic strategies in ASD Tipo: Tese

Diagnóstico laboratorial das micobacterias isoladas na urina: comparação entre métodos convencionais e a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR)

Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Diagnóstico laboratorial das micobacterias isoladas na urina: comparação entre métodos convencionais e a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) Autor(es): Lima, Antonio Jorge Alves de Abstract: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease, responsible for thousands of deaths over the centuries, around the world, especially amongst less privileged populations and one which has recently spread due to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and the appearance of strains of Mycobacterium which are resistant to multiple drugs. Tuberculosis is caused by the genus Mycobacterium which contains 71 species, of which M. tuberculosis is the main cause of the disease. Mycobacterium. is transmitted through respiratory aerosols, initially settling in the lung, then spreading to any other organ. Amongst the other organs most affected, the most common is the kidney. The bacillus reach the kidneys via hematological route, settling in both organs at first, the lesions occurring on glomerules, which spontaneously heal in one of the kidneys. The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis is stil under improviment. Thus, we have: bacilloscopy, which is widely used, although the number of cases false negatives is high, as, in order for a positive Identification, there must be 5 to 10 thousand bacillus/friL of sample. Culture is the most sensitive microbiological method with the disadvantage of a delay in obtaining results, which varies from 21 to 60 days. Other means are used for diagnosis of tuberculosis, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR is a highly efficient method for diagnosis of tuberculosis, as, by means from a single fragment of micobacterial DNA, it is possible to amplify thousands of copies of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Thus, PCR was used on 886 urine samples in 528 “pools” from 176 patients. These PCR were performed using specifíc “primers” for either Mycobacterium genus and for the M. tuberculosis complex; in all negative cases, nested-PCR was performed. The results obtained were compared with conventional methods: bacilloscopy and culture. Comparing the methods, it was obtained the following results: sensitivity of 84.00% and specificity of 94.0% of PCR compared with bacilloscopy; sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 87.9%, of PCR compared with culture; sensitivity of 84.40% and specificity of 98.0% of the PCR compared with bacilloscopy and/or culture. A prevalence of: PCR 17.0%; bacilloscopy of 14.2% and to the culture 11.8% for Micobacterium sp. A prevalence of M. tuberculosis complex of 1.7% in 176 patients and a prevalence of 90.0% of atypical micobacteria in genito-urinary. Thus, it may be concluded that PCR is an excellent method for diagnosis of micobacteria of ginuto-urinary treat, being to diagnose positive cases more efficiently than bacilloscopy and culture. Tipo: Dissertação

Resposta imunológica local nas lesões de baixo, alto grau e de carcinoma de colo uterino: estudo imunohistoquímico de leucócitos mononucleares residentes

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Resposta imunológica local nas lesões de baixo, alto grau e de carcinoma de colo uterino: estudo imunohistoquímico de leucócitos mononucleares residentes Autor(es): Sousa, Emília Tomé de Abstract: The câncer of is a neoplasia whose prevention, with previous diagnosis of pre-malignant intraephitelial lesions, presented a relevant decrease in occurrence. The researches have concentrated on infection by means of HPV, considered the most important co-factor in the genesis of lesions. There is stili a lot to be learned about interection between HPV and the individual. This research concentrates on the study of local immunologic response of several cervical proliferatives lesions, and is correlation whith the lesion intensity. 61 cases in ginecology Service of câncer Prevention Institute of the State of Ceará (Brazil) were assessed between 1996 and 1997. 15 of the patients presented low grade intraephitelial lesions (LGIL); 12 presented high grade intraephitelial lesions (HGIL) and 27 presented invadors carcinomas (Ca). The leukocytes populations, most specifically the macrophages and lymphocytes, were classified by means of monoclonals antiboryies the use of through tecnique of immunohistoquemistry. For this purpose, tracers CD20, CD43 and CD68 were used to identify, respectively, B cells, T cells and macrophages. A considerable difference between the average percent of CD20+ cell in LGIL and CD20+ cell in HGIL was found (p=0.0001), as well as HGIL and Ca invadors (p=0.0001). This observation suggests that the humoral respnse decreases in HGIL. I was observed that a Progressive increase of CD43+ cell occurred with the increase of the lesions's grade. There was also a relevant occurence of CD68+ cells in all lesions with considerable difference between the average percent of HGIL and Ca invadors (p=0.04). It was concluded that, according to the tracers analysis, in relation with the three lesions assessed, there is a decrease in the humoral response of HGIL represent by a reduced number of CD20+ cells, with the clear prevalence of CD43+ cells. It indicates higher involvement of HGIL with celullar response; and a significant enhancement of celullar response in the Ca invadors represented by the presence of grest amount of CD43+ cells, when compared to LGIL (p=0.01). Tipo: Dissertação