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Distribuição dos valores do antígeno prostático específico em pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer prostático e em indivíduos sadios

Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Distribuição dos valores do antígeno prostático específico em pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer prostático e em indivíduos sadios Autor(es): Figueiredo, Maria de Fátima Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas (PC) are among the most common pathologies of Brazilian adult men. The preliminary diagnostic criteria most used forthese pathologies include digital rectal examination (DRE), and measurement of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). The aim of the present studies was to evaluate the distribution of total serum PSA leveis (PSA-st), in patients with confirmed diagnosis for prostate pathologies, and the influence of DRE on the PSA-st leveis in healthy adult men; as also the normal leveis of PSA-st in healthy adult males. Of the 147 patients studied, 85 (58.6%) had HPB, and 62 (41.4%) were diagnosed with PC. In the patients with HPB, the PSA-st values varied from 0.01 to 83.00 ng/mL; with a mean value of 9.43 ± 10.30 ng/mL, and a median value of 7.70 ng/mL. Sixteen of these patients (18.8%) revealed PSA-st leveis below 4.00 ng/mL; while in 22 (25,9%) the values were higher than 10.00 ng/mL; indicating that 44.7% of the patients diagnosed for HPB had PSA-st leveis outside the range considered suggestive of this pathology. The PSA-st leveis of 62 patients with prostatic câncer were generally higher than those for HPB; with the values ranging from 0.01 and 500 ng/mL, and median and mean values, respectively, of 13.40 and 38.90 ± 85.11 ng/mL. Twenty two (32.3%) of the cases of PC had PSA-st values below 10 ng/mL; while four (6.2%) revealed leveis between 129 and 500 ng/mL. The median values of the patients with HPB and PC were highly significantly different (p < 0.001). In both the pathologies, the PSA-st leveis increased with higher age; but the median values among the age groups were not statistically significant, either in individuais with HPB or in PC patients (p >0.05). DRE carried out in 48 healthy males, induced only modest, and non-significant, elevations in PSA-st leveis in a minority. A normal adult male population of 469 individuais revealed mean and median PSA-st values of 2.40 ± 4.30 ng/mL and 1.20 ng/mL; respectively; with the values increasing in higher age groups. The median values among the age groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). Our observations on the PSA-st values of patients with confirmed diagnosis suggest that the PSA-st values show a quantitative relation, in general, with each of the pathologies; without revealing distributions of values that enable a definite characterization of either HPB or PC. Tipo: Dissertação

Evolução e desfecho da leucemia mieloide crônica em mulheres grávidas: uma análise retrospectiva em um serviço de referência em hematologia

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Evolução e desfecho da leucemia mieloide crônica em mulheres grávidas: uma análise retrospectiva em um serviço de referência em hematologia Autor(es): Pereira, Bárbara Rebeca Alves Abstract: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and the formation of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which is responsible for constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and uncontrolled cellular proliferation. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has transformed the prognosis of the disease, enabling deep and sustained hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses.However, pregnancy during treatment requires temporary discontinuation of therapy, which may compromise the maintenance of response and disease control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course and outcomes of CML in women who became pregnant while receiving TKIs, followed at a hematology referral center in the state of Ceará, Brazil.This is an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study that included patients over 18 years of age with a clinical, cytogenetic, and/or molecular diagnosis of CML, receiving TKIs, who had a confirmed pregnancy between January 2002 and December 2024. Sociodemographic variables, prognostic scores, hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular response profiles, therapeutic management during pregnancy, time to TKI reintroduction, and disease evolution after delivery were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, with p < 0.05 considered significant.A total of 26 pregnancies were identified in 19 women with CML, among approximately 243 patients followed at the center. The mean age at diagnosis was 27 years, with a predominance of low-risk patients according to the prognostic scores evaluated. At the time of conception, 38% of pregnancies occurred in patients with major or deep molecular response, while 62% had not yet achieved an adequate molecular response.During pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the frequency of molecular response loss compared to the pre-pregnancy period (p < 0.05). TKI discontinuation was statistically associated with this loss (p < 0.05), particularly among patients who did not have a deep molecular response prior to conception.After TKI reintroduction in the postpartum period, a significant recovery of molecular response was observed (p < 0.05). Most patients regained at least a major molecular response, and some achieved deep molecular response again. A statistically significant association was observed between pre-pregnancy deep molecular response and a higher likelihood of response recovery after delivery, with a greater proportion of recovery in the previously responsive group (p < 0.05).There were two cases of disease progression and two deaths after pregnancy. Overall survival and event-free survival, estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, remained high throughout follow-up. Cases of therapeutic failure or need for permanent TKI switch were infrequent.Pregnancy outcomes were favorable, with a predominance of term births and no significant increase in severe complications. These findings indicate that, under appropriate monitoring, temporary discontinuation of therapy may lead to reversible molecular instability, reinforcing the importance of achieving a deep molecular response prior to conception for better hematologic outcomes. Tipo: Dissertação

Nanoplásticos de poliestireno como moduladores do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro: implicações na disbiose e no estresse oxidativo em camundongas em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Nanoplásticos de poliestireno como moduladores do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro: implicações na disbiose e no estresse oxidativo em camundongas em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento Autor(es): Lima, Júlia Grombone de Vasconcellos Abstract: The environmental dissemination of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) has raised growing concerns regarding their impact on human health and the integrity of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study evaluated the effects of repeated oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (100 nm, 40 mg/kg) over 21 days in late young (n=16) and pre-pubertal (n=15) female Swiss mice. Two cohorts underwent a battery of behavioral tests, including the Open Field Test and Forced Swim Test. Following euthanasia, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis via qPCR, and brain tissues—specifically the hippocampus (HP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum (STR)—were harvested to quantify biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress. The results demonstrated that while there were no alterations in global locomotion or classical anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, exposed pre-pubertal animals showed a significant increase in peripheral rearing ($p=0.0252$) and grooming ($p<0.05$), indicating an age-dependent selective modulation of exploratory and emotional behavior. Regarding the gut microbiota, no changes were detected in the isolated abundances of Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes; however, a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in both exposed groups ($p=0.0101$), suggesting the presence of subtle dysbiosis. Distinct vulnerabilities to nitrosative stress were observed according to the life stage: pre-pubertal animals exhibited a robust increase in nitrite levels (p=0.0017), whereas late youngs displayed a compensatory increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) (p=0.0136) within the hippocampus. In conclusion, repeated exposure to nanoplastics promotes low magnitude yet selective effects, with greater neurobehavioral and nitrosative vulnerability during the pre-pubertal stage. These findings provide evidence supporting the involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the toxicity of these emerging pollutants. Tipo: Dissertação

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da hidralazina frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Candida spp

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da hidralazina frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Candida spp Autor(es): Nascimento, Francisca Bruna Stefany Aires do Abstract: It is estimated that infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 13 million deaths each year. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp are among the main human pathogens, related to several infections with different levels of severity. Available treatments are increasingly limited. S. aureus has several virulence factors, in addition to easily acquiring resistance mechanisms. While Candida spp. mainly affects immunocompromised patients, has a small available pharmacological treatment arsenal and is affected by the toxicity fact. The new antimicrobials development is a global urgency and drugs repurposing is the fastest, most economical and safest mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydralazine, in vitro, against clinical strains of S. aureus and Candida spp biofilms, and to evaluate, in silico, the possible action mechanism. By microdilution in broth, the hydralazine minimum inhibitory concentration was determined, which was on average 256 µg/ml against S. aureus. In the tolerance assessment, hydralazine proved to be bactericidal and the association with oxacillin and vancomycin was synergistic in 50 and 25% of the strains, respectively. In evaluating the cell viability of biofilms formed by S. aureus by reducing Methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the sessile minimum inhibitory concentration (50%) ranged from 256 to 2048 µg/ml. Analysis of cell viability by propidium iodide exclusion showed that hydralazine increased non-viable cells (58.78%). In the Comet and TUNEL assays, it was possible to detect breaks and the fragmentation presence in the S. aureus DNA strands. In silico, hydralazine demonstrated greater affinity and the possibility of forming lower energy complexes with the targets S. aureus gyrase complex with DNA (-7.6 kcal/mol), S. aureus gyrase (-7.3 kcal/mol) and S. aureus TyrRS (-7.5 kcal/mol). Biofilms of Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were treated with hydralazine, itraconazole and a combination of these drugs. Reduction in cell viability was assessed by MTT metabolization. Hydralazine (10xMIC) significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the biofilms formed viability. The biofilm formation inhibition was more effective and the MIC of hydralazine for each strain was able to significantly (p≤0.05) reduce biofilm viability. In scanning electron microscopy images, it is possible to see Candida albicans cells damaged by hydralazine. In in silico assays, hydralazine demonstrates more favorable binding energy with targets Exo-B-(1,3)-glucanase (-7.1 kcal/mol) and CYP51 (-7.2 kcal/mol). Therefore, it is concluded that hydralazine has potential to be redirected to the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus and Candida spp., in association with current drugs or alone, acting on planktonic cells and also on biofilms. Tipo: Tese