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Uso do jogo Brincatomia como ferramenta pedagógica jogo para o ensino de ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Uso do jogo Brincatomia como ferramenta pedagógica jogo para o ensino de ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental Autor(es): Rocha, Nyvea Maria de Holanda Maia Abstract: Teaching the human body in middle school requires pedagogical strategies that make scientific content more accessible, contextualized, and meaningful for students. Topics related to the morphology and functioning of organ systems, although closely connected to students’ everyday experiences, may become abstract when addressed only through expository practices centered on memorization. In this context, educational games emerge as methodological possibilities capable of promoting student participation, peer interaction, and the review of concepts in a playful manner guided by pedagogical intentionality. This study evaluated the pedagogical effectiveness of the board game BRINCATOMIA as a teaching resource for Science education on the human body in the 6th grade of middle school. This is a mixed- methods study with a quasi-experimental design, developed through stages of game design, validation, and classroom application. The validation process involved specialists from different fields, who evaluated aspects related to clarity, relevance, language, appearance, functionality, and pedagogical applicability of the material. The classroom application was conducted with two classes organized into a control group, which received dialogued expository lessons, and an intervention group, which received dialogued expository lessons associated with the use of BRINCATOMIA. Conceptual learning was examined through pre- and post-tests, with within-group and between-group comparisons. To further understand the students’ experience, structured interviews were conducted with volunteer students who participated in the intervention, and their responses were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated statistically significant improvement in both groups, with superior post-test performance in the intervention group, suggesting an additional effect of the game when integrated into classroom instruction. In the qualitative strand, students associated the BRINCATOMIA experience with advantages related to collaborative learning, peer interaction, communication, motivation, and the perception of “learning while playing.” Conversely, operational challenges emerged, including noise, distraction, isolated conflicts, and limitations of physical space, indicating the need for agreed-upon rules, classroom organization, and teacher mediation to sustain pedagogical intentionality. It is concluded that BRINCATOMIA, when articulated with teaching practice, can enhance immediate learning gains and foster more participatory classroom conditions, although its effects depend on planning, pedagogical management, and adaptation to the school context. This research contributes to the teaching of morphofunctional sciences by proposing, validating, and applying a teaching strategy aimed at supporting the learning of knowledge about the morphology and functioning of the human body from Basic Education onward, expanding the possibilities of connection between scientific knowledge, pedagogical practice, and school education. Tipo: Dissertação

Estudo morfofuncional de fístulas arteriovenosas: uma abordagem com ultrassom ecodoppler

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Estudo morfofuncional de fístulas arteriovenosas: uma abordagem com ultrassom ecodoppler Autor(es): Souza, João Paulo Fernandes de Abstract: Chronic Kidney Disease represents a major public health problem, and hemodialysis remains one of the main renal replacement therapies in the advanced stages of the disease. In this context, the arteriovenous fistula is considered the vascular access of choice, although it is subject to morphological and hemodynamic changes that may compromise its function. This study aimed to systematize the morphofunctional findings observed in ultrasound images of arteriovenous fistulas in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, based on the acquisition and analysis of ultrasound images of arteriovenous fistulas performed between November 2024 and April 2025 at the Hemodialysis Clinic of Hospital de S.o Francisco do Porto, Portugal. Autologous and prosthetic arteriovenous fistulas were evaluated considering morphological, structural, and hemodynamic aspects through B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler. The findings showed different ultrasonographic patterns, including fistulas with preserved flow, as well as alterations compatible with aneurysm, stenosis in a prosthetic segment, inflow stenosis, outflow stenosis, and thrombosis. These results show that Doppler ultrasound can identify structural changes and relevant hemodynamic repercussions in vascular access. It is concluded that ultrasound is a useful tool in the morphofunctional assessment of arteriovenous fistulas, contributing to the identification of patterns of normality and dysfunction, as well as to clinical follow-up and decision-making in the care of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Tipo: Tese

Efeitos da exposição in vivo de derivados de vitanolídeos sobre a senescência em ovários de camundongos fêmeas

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeitos da exposição in vivo de derivados de vitanolídeos sobre a senescência em ovários de camundongos fêmeas Autor(es): Sousa, Paula Gabriela Alves de Abstract: Chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment; however, its use is associated with the induction of premature ovarian failure, severely impacting the quality of life of women of reproductive age. Antineoplastic agents can accelerate ovarian aging through the induction of cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest associated with an inflammatory secretory phenotype (SASP). In this context, the aim is to identify new compounds with antitumor potential that exhibit lower gonadotoxicity. Among these candidates, withanolides stand out, which are secondary metabolites isolated from the plant Athenaea velutina that have demonstrated relevant antiproliferative properties. Thus, this study evaluated, in the long term, the effects of in vivo exposure to withanolide derivatives on follicular survival, activation, and induction of senescence in mouse ovaries. For this purpose, C57BL/6J female mice were used, distributed into week old (6w) and 1 year old (1y) control groups and treated with 2 mg/kg of Withaferin A (WTA), 27-deoxy-24,25-epoxywithaferin A (WT1), and 27-deoxywithaferin (WT2) on alternate days for 14 days. After one year, the analysis of morphology, follicular development and survival (PAS); quantification of lipofuscin (Sudan Black B); evaluation of stromal fibrosis (Masson's Trichrome); and detection of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) were performed. The results demonstrated that natural aging (group 1y) reduced follicular development and significantly increased lipofuscin deposition in the ovarian tissue. Treatment with WT1 prevented the accumulation of this pigment and preserved the proportion of developing follicles at levels similar to those of the young control (6w); however, it induced high DNA fragmentation and moderate fibrosis, suggesting a condition of cellular toxicity and follicular burnout. On the other hand, WT2 exhibited a cytoprotective profile on the stroma, maintaining tissue integrity with basal levels of fibrosis and DNA fragmentation equivalent to those of the young group. In contrast, WTA presented itself as the most gonadotoxic derivative, triggering premature senescence associated with an exacerbated accumulation of lipofuscin and intense fibrotic deposition in the stroma. These findings indicate that withanolide derivatives exert distinct long-term effects on the ovary. Although WT1 avoids the accumulation of some senescence markers, its action is associated with apoptotic toxicity and follicular burnout. In contrast, WT2 stands out for the protection of stromal integrity by inducing cellular quiescence. The study demonstrates the potential of these compounds in the modulation of ovarian senescence, highlighting the derivative WT2 as a promising chemotherapeutic candidate capable of aiming not only at combating the tumor, but also at reducing late damage to the ovarian reserve. Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito protetor do extrato hidroalcoólico de agaricus blazei murill em testículos de camundongos expostos ao quimioterápico 5-fluorouracil

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito protetor do extrato hidroalcoólico de agaricus blazei murill em testículos de camundongos expostos ao quimioterápico 5-fluorouracil Autor(es): Damasceno, Thamyres Rodrigues Abstract: The 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent capable of inducing infertility, compromising sperm viability and testicular tissue (TT) morphology. In this context, in the search for bioactive compounds with protective effects that may mitigate these adverse outcomes, the hydroalcoholic extract (HEAb) of the fungus Agaricus blazei Murill emerges as a potential candidate due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in other tissues. However, no studies have investigated this compound in the male reproductive system. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of HEAb against 5-FU toxicity on sperm viability and TT morphology in Swiss mice. For this purpose, 18 mice were subjected to three treatments: (1) Control (NaCl 0.9%); (2) 5-FU 450 mg/kg/single dose; (3) 5-FU 450 mg/kg/single dose + HEAb 25 mg/kg/3 days. After three days, the animals were euthanized, and the TT were fixed for classical histology (HE), sperm viability, cell proliferation (AgNOR), quantification of MDA and GSH to assess antioxidant activity, immunostaining for MMP-2 and MMP-9, and DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay. Animals treated with 5-FU showed morphological alterations, reduced sperm viability and proliferative capacity of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, and increased oxidative stress compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). However, HEAb administration preserved testicular morphology and sperm viability similar to the control, increased cell proliferation compared to the 5-FU group (p < 0.001), and reduced oxidative stress compared to the other treatments (p < 0.001). Regarding immunostaining, the 5-FU group showed a significant increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while the group treated with co-administration of HEAb also showed increased MMP-2 expression but reduced MMP-9 expression (p < 0.001). DNA fragmentation analysis by TUNEL revealed a significant increase in apoptosis rates in germ cells of the 5-FU group compared to the control (p < 0.001), whereas the 5-FU+HEAb group showed a significant reduction in positive TUNEL labeling compared to the 5-FU group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the 5-FU+HEAb group and the control group (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. blazei Murill was able to mitigate the toxic effects of 5-FU on morphology, sperm viability, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, matrix remodeling, and DNA fragmentation. Tipo: Dissertação