http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/499 2026-04-15T18:43:01Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/81683 Título: Definição de fatores de escassez hídrica futuros considerando cenários de mudanças climáticas Autor(es): Santos, Tayane de Lima Abstract: Water scarcity is a worrying issue that has been seriously discussed in recent years. One of the causes that aggravate it is climate change, which generates alterations in hydrological processes, affecting ecosystems, society and productive sectors. In this sense, the present work aims to generate future Characterization Factors (FC's), considering climate change scenarios for the analysis of water scarcity in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of productive systems. The methodology is divided into four stages: i) Bibliographic review of models for estimating future water demand published in the literature to identify and adapt the most appropriate model for generating water demand data. ii) Generation of water demand and availability data to calculate the Water Scarcity Characterization Factor. iii) Definition of the future FC and its comparison with original and regionalized factors. iv) Application of the index generated in a case study through LCA. It was observed that the methodology of the National Water Agency - ANA was presented as the most adequate to the evaluated criteria. An increase in future water demand is expected due to population growth, growth in industrial activity and livestock activities, in addition to the reduction in precipitation rates and temperature rise. Despite the great uncertainty inherent in water availability projection studies, a reduction in flows due to changes in the hydrological cycle is expected. The generated future characterization factor resembles the regionalized CF and both indicate maximum water scarcity in the region, when applied. In the analysis of the case study, it was possible to conclude that similar productive systems can generate different impacts on water scarcity, depending on the location of the system and the CFs considered. In situations where the use of the generated index indicates a possible worsening of water scarcity, it is recommended to rethink the location and functioning of the productive system, as well as the elaboration and execution of mitigating studies to the generated impacts. Tipo: Tese 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/79012 Título: Participatory characterization of water resilience in rural communities in Brazil’s Nordeste and central Tunisia Autor(es): Gasmi, Hela Abstract: In many rural areas around the world, the functionality of community water supply systems is problematic, despite the considerable investments in water infrastructure that have been made. This has shifted the focus in international debates to managing rural water supplies, which includes but is not limited to water infrastructures. This management focus implies that rural water supply systems (RWSS) should be considered as dynamic systems, facing climatic and socio-economic change. Taking this viewpoint also means reconsidering the role of communities, as perhaps too much has actually been asked from them in sustaining these supplies. In this thesis, we investigate the challenges related to the functionality of rural water supply systems (RWSS), seen as a coproduction of the State, communities and other supporting actors, using the conceptual lens of water resilience. The thesis developed an approach to codesign a conceptual and operational framework that would enhance the understanding of how to design more resilient rural water supply systems. The approach was developed and tested at multiple scales (households, nucleated settlements, communities, and hydro-social territories) in two semi-arid regions in central Tunisia and Brazil’s Nordeste. We developed a participatory approach with surveys, interviews and workshops. Three main results were thus obtained. First, we analyzed and formalized the trajectory of community-based RWSSs, thus providing a fresh perspective on water supply systems in rural communities. RWSSs were shown to be systems catering to multiple water uses; that depend on one or more water sources; that include water infrastructures and the organization managing them; that are embedded in social relationships within the community and that are firmly connected to external actors, that contribute to its establishment and development. To sustain access to water, rural communities often limit their dependence on community-managed water supply systems and diversify water sources for different uses; they adapt the technical and organizational dimensions of water supply systems through bricolage; and use political leverage to obtain financial and technical support. Second, by combining the Multiple Water Use Services approach with a water resilience lens we developed an approach to explain how a resilient RWSS deals with shocks, adapting to changing conditions and transformations in situations of crisis. This insight was operationalized by identifying three key functions of resilient RWSSs. The first function is the productive function: to provide water, from multiple water sources, at all times, even in the case of shocks and stresses. The community needs to use its assets to adapt (multiple) supplies to changes and emergencies. The second function is internal regulation, that is, the community institutions enabling to organize water supply. The third function is the capacity to safeguard reliable connections to external actors, which makes it possible to assess the mode of integration of the RWSS in the rest of the territory and favors its sustainability. Subsequently, we co-defined and explained 12 essential features - the distinctive attributes of each function that allow the RWSS to fulfil the function when dealing with shocks and stresses - and 35 explanatory variables of water resilience that allow these functions to be maintained. Third, a multi-scalar analysis with a hydro-social territorial lens revealed how the over-development of small-scale water infrastructures in a catchment area may enhance the communities' water resilience, but it can also lead to the loss of hydraulic connectivity and the fragmentation of the catchment into smaller and multiple hydro-social territories. This fragmentation may result in water dispossession and disempowerment of rural communities during water negotiations. We conclude that the participatory water resilience framework developed in this PhD is robust and can be adapted to and used for a wide range of rural water supply systems in semi-arid regions. Accounting for water resilience can help in designing and sustaining more durable water supply systems in rural areas. Tipo: Tese 2023-01-11T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67757 Título: Disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do solo urbano visando a preservação do meio ambiente Autor(es): Mota, Francisco Suetônio Bastos Abstract: This work discusses land use control techniques for urban environment preservation. First, the relationship between urbanization and environment is discussed. It is showed how environmental characteristics affect urbanization and how urbanization affects environment. Some kinds of environmental pollution, air pollution, noise, and visual quality impacts. After, some land use control techniques are proposed for the preventive control of these kinds of pollution, related solid and liquid wastes disposal, erosion control, groundwater and surface water protection, air pollution and noise control, landscape, environmental and historic resources preservation. Finally, it is proposed an urban planning model for environmental protection. Technical, legal, economic and social aspects of planning are discussed. This work is based on bibliographic research and observation of land use control orgrams of brazilian and american cities. Tipo: Tese 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67271 Título: Calibração de redes de distribuição de água pelo método inverso aplicado a escoamento transiente Autor(es): Araújo, John Kenedy de Abstract: A method for estimation of parameters of existing hydraulic networks on the basis of observed transients pressures. Such parameters include pipe friction factors or absolute roughness, their diameters and the leakage locations and discharges. The inverse transient problem in terms of unknown parameters is solved through an indirect calibration procedure, which compares the calculated and observed hydraulic heads. The search method for optimal parameters employs the Method of Characteristics for the solution equations of transient motions in pipes and Genetic Algorithms. The initial conditions in the state of equilibrium are supposed unknown and the observed transient behavior of the network is in response to a valve maneuver composed of partial closure and reestablishment of flow in a pipe. In order to validade the transient calibration method, an example network is used to test various proposed calibration problems. The results show that the proposed method can be used with confidence for determination of various kinds of parameters. The transient inverse method is capable of network calibration using transient data collected at few locations in response to a quick valve maneuver. Tipo: Tese 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z