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Diagnóstico laboratorial das micobacterias isoladas na urina: comparação entre métodos convencionais e a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR)

2026-06-27T12:05:29Z

Título: Diagnóstico laboratorial das micobacterias isoladas na urina: comparação entre métodos convencionais e a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) Autor(es): Lima, Antonio Jorge Alves de Abstract: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease, responsible for thousands of deaths over the centuries, around the world, especially amongst less privileged populations and one which has recently spread due to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and the appearance of strains of Mycobacterium which are resistant to multiple drugs. Tuberculosis is caused by the genus Mycobacterium which contains 71 species, of which M. tuberculosis is the main cause of the disease. Mycobacterium. is transmitted through respiratory aerosols, initially settling in the lung, then spreading to any other organ. Amongst the other organs most affected, the most common is the kidney. The bacillus reach the kidneys via hematological route, settling in both organs at first, the lesions occurring on glomerules, which spontaneously heal in one of the kidneys. The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis is stil under improviment. Thus, we have: bacilloscopy, which is widely used, although the number of cases false negatives is high, as, in order for a positive Identification, there must be 5 to 10 thousand bacillus/friL of sample. Culture is the most sensitive microbiological method with the disadvantage of a delay in obtaining results, which varies from 21 to 60 days. Other means are used for diagnosis of tuberculosis, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR is a highly efficient method for diagnosis of tuberculosis, as, by means from a single fragment of micobacterial DNA, it is possible to amplify thousands of copies of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Thus, PCR was used on 886 urine samples in 528 “pools” from 176 patients. These PCR were performed using specifíc “primers” for either Mycobacterium genus and for the M. tuberculosis complex; in all negative cases, nested-PCR was performed. The results obtained were compared with conventional methods: bacilloscopy and culture. Comparing the methods, it was obtained the following results: sensitivity of 84.00% and specificity of 94.0% of PCR compared with bacilloscopy; sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 87.9%, of PCR compared with culture; sensitivity of 84.40% and specificity of 98.0% of the PCR compared with bacilloscopy and/or culture. A prevalence of: PCR 17.0%; bacilloscopy of 14.2% and to the culture 11.8% for Micobacterium sp. A prevalence of M. tuberculosis complex of 1.7% in 176 patients and a prevalence of 90.0% of atypical micobacteria in genito-urinary. Thus, it may be concluded that PCR is an excellent method for diagnosis of micobacteria of ginuto-urinary treat, being to diagnose positive cases more efficiently than bacilloscopy and culture. Tipo: Dissertação

Resposta imunológica local nas lesões de baixo, alto grau e de carcinoma de colo uterino: estudo imunohistoquímico de leucócitos mononucleares residentes

2026-06-26T14:22:59Z

Título: Resposta imunológica local nas lesões de baixo, alto grau e de carcinoma de colo uterino: estudo imunohistoquímico de leucócitos mononucleares residentes Autor(es): Sousa, Emília Tomé de Abstract: The câncer of is a neoplasia whose prevention, with previous diagnosis of pre-malignant intraephitelial lesions, presented a relevant decrease in occurrence. The researches have concentrated on infection by means of HPV, considered the most important co-factor in the genesis of lesions. There is stili a lot to be learned about interection between HPV and the individual. This research concentrates on the study of local immunologic response of several cervical proliferatives lesions, and is correlation whith the lesion intensity. 61 cases in ginecology Service of câncer Prevention Institute of the State of Ceará (Brazil) were assessed between 1996 and 1997. 15 of the patients presented low grade intraephitelial lesions (LGIL); 12 presented high grade intraephitelial lesions (HGIL) and 27 presented invadors carcinomas (Ca). The leukocytes populations, most specifically the macrophages and lymphocytes, were classified by means of monoclonals antiboryies the use of through tecnique of immunohistoquemistry. For this purpose, tracers CD20, CD43 and CD68 were used to identify, respectively, B cells, T cells and macrophages. A considerable difference between the average percent of CD20+ cell in LGIL and CD20+ cell in HGIL was found (p=0.0001), as well as HGIL and Ca invadors (p=0.0001). This observation suggests that the humoral respnse decreases in HGIL. I was observed that a Progressive increase of CD43+ cell occurred with the increase of the lesions's grade. There was also a relevant occurence of CD68+ cells in all lesions with considerable difference between the average percent of HGIL and Ca invadors (p=0.04). It was concluded that, according to the tracers analysis, in relation with the three lesions assessed, there is a decrease in the humoral response of HGIL represent by a reduced number of CD20+ cells, with the clear prevalence of CD43+ cells. It indicates higher involvement of HGIL with celullar response; and a significant enhancement of celullar response in the Ca invadors represented by the presence of grest amount of CD43+ cells, when compared to LGIL (p=0.01). Tipo: Dissertação

Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos leishmanicida e imunomoduladores contra Leishmania infantum de lectinas isoladas de algas marinhas do litoral cearense

2026-06-11T17:35:27Z

Título: Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos leishmanicida e imunomoduladores contra Leishmania infantum de lectinas isoladas de algas marinhas do litoral cearense Autor(es): Mesquita, Amanda de Menezes Abstract: Leishmaniasis, an infectious parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, is transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies and primarily affects the mononuclear phagocytic system. Among its forms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe due to its high lethality. In Brazil, the drugs used for VL treatment include pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B, which are associated with high toxicity and the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory and leishmanicidal effects in vitro of lectins extracted from the red marine alga Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W. Gabrielson and the green alga Caulerpa cupressoides var. lycopodium against Leishmania infantum. After extraction and isolation of the lectins, cytotoxicity was evaluated in J774 macrophages. Subsequently, the leishmanicidal effect against the amastigote form of the parasite was assessed (24 and 48 hours post-infection) using concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. To understand the leishmanicidal mechanism of action, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured. The study also investigated the leishmanicidal effect of Solieria filiformis and Caulerpa cupressoides on promastigote forms. These proteins demonstrated significant leishmanicidal activity, reducing promastigote survival at different concentrations. LSf showed greater efficacy, with a reduction of up to 75.60% at 48 hours, while LCc achieved 55.68%. Regarding the leishmanicidal effect of LSf and LCc on amastigote forms in macrophages infected with L. infantum, LSf reduced the parasitic load more effectively than the positive control (GLU) at 24 and 48 hours, particularly at 100 μg/mL. NO production increased with LSf, especially at higher concentrations, while LCc induced a less pronounced increase in NO. As for cytokines, LSf elevated IL-12 and TNF-α only at specific concentrations and time points, whereas LCc significantly increased IL-10, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. Both proteins induced IL-6 production in infected macrophages, with a more pronounced effect at 50 and 100 μg/mL. The data from this study suggest a promising immunomodulatory effect of lectins from red and green marine algae on L. infantum-infected macrophages, although further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds against this parasite.. Tipo: Dissertação

Distribuição dos valores do antígeno prostático específico em pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer prostático e em indivíduos sadios

2026-05-31T11:55:05Z

Título: Distribuição dos valores do antígeno prostático específico em pacientes com hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer prostático e em indivíduos sadios Autor(es): Figueiredo, Maria de Fátima Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas (PC) are among the most common pathologies of Brazilian adult men. The preliminary diagnostic criteria most used forthese pathologies include digital rectal examination (DRE), and measurement of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). The aim of the present studies was to evaluate the distribution of total serum PSA leveis (PSA-st), in patients with confirmed diagnosis for prostate pathologies, and the influence of DRE on the PSA-st leveis in healthy adult men; as also the normal leveis of PSA-st in healthy adult males. Of the 147 patients studied, 85 (58.6%) had HPB, and 62 (41.4%) were diagnosed with PC. In the patients with HPB, the PSA-st values varied from 0.01 to 83.00 ng/mL; with a mean value of 9.43 ± 10.30 ng/mL, and a median value of 7.70 ng/mL. Sixteen of these patients (18.8%) revealed PSA-st leveis below 4.00 ng/mL; while in 22 (25,9%) the values were higher than 10.00 ng/mL; indicating that 44.7% of the patients diagnosed for HPB had PSA-st leveis outside the range considered suggestive of this pathology. The PSA-st leveis of 62 patients with prostatic câncer were generally higher than those for HPB; with the values ranging from 0.01 and 500 ng/mL, and median and mean values, respectively, of 13.40 and 38.90 ± 85.11 ng/mL. Twenty two (32.3%) of the cases of PC had PSA-st values below 10 ng/mL; while four (6.2%) revealed leveis between 129 and 500 ng/mL. The median values of the patients with HPB and PC were highly significantly different (p < 0.001). In both the pathologies, the PSA-st leveis increased with higher age; but the median values among the age groups were not statistically significant, either in individuais with HPB or in PC patients (p >0.05). DRE carried out in 48 healthy males, induced only modest, and non-significant, elevations in PSA-st leveis in a minority. A normal adult male population of 469 individuais revealed mean and median PSA-st values of 2.40 ± 4.30 ng/mL and 1.20 ng/mL; respectively; with the values increasing in higher age groups. The median values among the age groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). Our observations on the PSA-st values of patients with confirmed diagnosis suggest that the PSA-st values show a quantitative relation, in general, with each of the pathologies; without revealing distributions of values that enable a definite characterization of either HPB or PC. Tipo: Dissertação