http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/23873 2026-06-12T04:19:22Z 2026-06-12T04:19:22Z Silva, João Breno Araujo da http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86729 2026-06-11T19:47:11Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: O mercado de créditos de carbono como instrumento econômico de política ambiental Autor(es): Silva, João Breno Araujo da Abstract: In recent decades, the global debate on environmental issues has gained significant relevance, especially regarding climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere as a result of human activities. Due to the cost inefficiency of traditional environmental policies applied at the international level, the search for alternative instruments to curb the increase of pollutants is recommended. This study aims to present the carbon credit market as an economic instrument to be used in environmental policy, highlighting its advantages compared to more commonly applied policies. Additionally, it provides an overview of the origin and functioning of the global carbon market, addressing the two international climate regimes that structured this mechanism: the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. To achieve these objectives, the theoretical basis for the formulation of the carbon market, aligned with the approach proposed by Coase’s theorem for externalities, is discussed, in comparison with traditional environmental policies, namely the imposition of pollution standards and the application of taxes. Furthermore, a historical-institutional contextualization of global carbon markets is presented, highlighting the main mechanisms adopted and their operational rules. It is concluded that carbon markets can achieve an efficient level of emissions at a lower cost and play a relevant role in combating climate change. Tipo: TCC

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Furtado, Antonio Ricardo Ramalho http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86727 2026-06-11T19:32:51Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Heurísticas, nudges, vieses e consumo: uma análise comportamental sobre os padrões de consumo das classes sociais Autor(es): Furtado, Antonio Ricardo Ramalho Abstract: This study aims to analyze the consumption behavior of individuals from different social classes through the lens of Behavioral Economics, investigating how heuristics, cognitive biases, nudges, and decision noise influence economic choices. In contrast to the traditional model of full rationality, the research assumes that individual decisions are shaped by cognitive limitations, emotional factors, and contextual conditions. Methodologically, the study combines a theoretical literature review grounded in key authors of Behavioral Economics, such as Daniel Kahneman, Richard Thaler, Cass Sunstein, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Eldar Shafir, with a quantitative empirical analysis based on a structured questionnaire. The collected data were examined using descriptive statistics, including bar charts, pie charts, and boxplots, allowing the identification of behavioral patterns and decision variability across different socioeconomic groups. The results indicate that individuals from low- and middle-income groups show a higher propensity for impulse buying and greater callousness to scarcity cues, even when they report planning their expenses, highlighting the effects of cognitive scarcity. Conversely, higher-income individuals also exhibit biased behaviors, mainly expressed through symbolic consumption associated with status, identity, and social prestige. Additionally, a high level of intra-group heterogeneity was observed, reinforcing the presence of decision noise and the limitations of models based solely on income and full rationality. The findings suggest that Behavioral Economics provides a more realistic theoretical and empirical framework for understanding consumer behavior in real-world contexts, contributing to both market strategies and the design of more effective public policies. Tipo: TCC

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Magalhães, Heitor Fogaça http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86724 2026-06-11T18:57:17Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: O papel do nudge em políticas públicas Autor(es): Magalhães, Heitor Fogaça Abstract: This study aims to analyze the use of nudge in public policy. The research, qualitative and bibliographic in nature, examines the conceptual foundations of nudge, its main characteristics, applications in different policy areas, and the critical debates surrounding its implementation. Grounded in behavioral economics, nudge is understood as a subtle intervention designed to influence individual choices without restricting options or imposing direct economic incentives. The analysis identifies relevant contributions of this approach to policies focused on health, finance, sustainability, and social inclusion, highlighting its ability to promote desirable behaviors at low cost and with respect for individual autonomy. At the same time, criticisms are considered that point to limitations in long-term effectiveness, risks to transparency and personal autonomy, and inadequacy when addressing complex structural problems. The discussion is expanded through the introduction of the concept of sludge, referring to behavioral and bureaucratic barriers that hinder access to rights, especially for vulnerable populations. The study emphasizes the potential of nudge as a complementary strategy for improving public policy, provided its application is contextualized, ethically guided, and aligned with broader instruments of social transformation. Tipo: TCC

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Pereira, Pedro Lucas Neri http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86055 2026-04-27T18:39:16Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Determinantes dos preços da cesta básica nas capitais do Brasil com base no modelo threshold autorregressivo de painel com efeitos fixos Autor(es): Pereira, Pedro Lucas Neri Abstract: This study analyzes the determinants of the price of the basic food basket in 10 Brazilian capitals from 2016 to 2022, based on a threshold autoregressive model for panel data with fixed effects. Two models are analyzed, with the Broad National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) as the threshold variable and rainfall precipitation and diesel prices as explanatory variables. In the first analysis, the model uses the value of the basic food basket as the dependent variable, and following Hansen's (1999) procedure, the existence of two thresholds is found. The first threshold occurs at 0.53% of the IPCA, corresponding to June 2021, and the second threshold occurs at 1.01% of the IPCA, corresponding to February 2022. The second model uses the number of working hours required to purchase a basic food basket as the dependent variable. A threshold at 0.54% of the IPCA is found, occurring in January 2022. Comparing the estimates of the two models, some consistency is observed in the change in behavior of the dependent variables, which is further supported by the threshold periods. In both models, the inclusion of the lagged dependent variable by one period had a positive impact on the current dependent variable, regardless of the inflation regime. The explanatory variables did not show consistent results across the two models analyzed, but in the basic food basket value model, rainfall increases the price of the basic food basket, and in the working hours model, an increase in fuel prices results in more working hours being required to purchase a basic food basket. Tipo: TCC

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