Estudo das propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de biocompósitos com matriz polimérica derivada do LCC suportados em fibras de bambu

Abstract

Interest in environmentally friendly technologies has become a major concern in recent years. The society begins to discuss issues related to the environmental variable, providing an economic development based on cleaner industrial technologies that contribute to reducing waste, using more efficient forms of raw materials and energy. In this respect, this work aims to obtain new biomaterials - biocomposites made available from the combination of renewable raw materials and biodegradable, bamboo fibers (Bambusa vulgaris) as a reinforcing agent in matrix supported termorígida - phenolic resin derived of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). The fibers were surface modified by treatment with alkali (NaOH), the resin was characterized by rheometry, and by Gel Permeation Chromatography (CPC). The mechanical, thermal, degree of crystallinity and changes in functional groups present on the surface of the fibers and biodegradability before and after chemical treatment were investigated via tensile, TG / DTG (Thermogravimetry / Derivative), XRD (Diffractograms of the Ray-X), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Biodegradability in simulated soil. The results confirmed that the fibers treated with 10% NaOH showed the best set of experimental results, increasing the crystalline fraction (110%) in thermal stability (to 315-338°C), in the modulus of elasticity (30%) and the tensile break (152%), all in relation to natural fiber. The respective biocomposites were prepared by casting with open bamboo fibers for all conditions. For the composite was found greater the adhesion after the partial removal of non-cellulosic components by chemical treatment, shown in the SEM. The biocomposites were analyzed by tensile testing to determine the mechanical properties (tensile strength, maximum stress, elongation at break and elastic modulus). Thermal properties were measured by TGA / DTG. For all results, were observed an increase in thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites reinforced with bamboo fiber after alkali treatment.