Otimização econômica do sitema de gerenciamento distribuído de energia de microrredes CA

Abstract

Electric grids are undergoing a period of significant transition in the generation and use of electric energy, which implies the need for regulatory and technological changes. Among the aspects that mark this transformation, there is the diffusion of distributed energy resources, the greater need for communication technologies and the more active role of the consumer. In this sense, microgrids stand out, the most recent grid technologies, marking the new models of electric power distribution systems. The distributed and varied nature of the energy resources of a microgrid demands management of the flow of energy between distributed energy resources and loads to optimize overall system performance. In this sense, this work aims to present three distributed optimization methods, Consensus, Diffusion and Exact Diffusion, applied to solve the optimal dispatch of a microgrid in different scenarios. These methods present characteristics more compatible to the new model of electrical systems and their performances are compared in order to verify the most advantageous characteristics regarding the aspect of parameters of computational effort and information privacy. In addition, the methods are improved to ensure better performance and balance between distributed resources through techniques that make the methods more robust and contribute to a lower computational effort in the process. The proposed optimization methods showed adequate results in different scenarios and were then implemented for 24-hour load supply planning based on renewable generation and load forecasts. The Diffusion method proved to be efficient in both the islanded and connected microgrid operation modes, with few iterations and good convergence speed, in addition to requiring little computational effort analyzed from number of iterations to convergence and number of operations per iteration. For Exact Diffusion, there was a pattern change according to the microgrid’s operating mode and the weight matrix used, its characteristics being more favorable in terms of convergence speed and computational effort in islanded mode with Hasting Rules and Averaging Rules matrices. Finally, the Consensus presented characteristics of speed of convergence and computational effort much lower than the other methods in the islanded mode, unlike the connected mode in which it approached the Diffusion.