O caminho de ida e volta no método marxiano: uma trajetória histórica do método até a sua formulação

Abstract

There exists a continuous line in the elaboration of method from presocratic philosophy from the seventh to the fifth century before Christ up to the nineteenth century. In Greece one found a profound study between methodology and cosmology. In the Middle Ages faith and theology gained a clear superiority over reason and science. This form of thinking was overcome in the modern period when science and religion went their respective ways. Two historical explainations seem viable to explain that situation: rationalism and empiricism, although they also brought with them several of their own problems. Kant´s and Hegel´s answers to this crisis in philosophy and methodology were not capable of answering all the questioning. The marxist solution considers method not to be a criteria for truth, as there does not exist an immutable essence. The production of scientific knowledge in Marx follows a two way trend of to and from.