Use of biomass waste for the production of an enzymatic biocatalyst and application in a reaction of industrial interest

Abstract

The practice of reusing discarded materials from the industry is important to preserve natural resources and reduce waste generation. In this scenario, lignocellulosic materials are becoming increasingly relevant as an environmentally sustainable solution. One way to reuse them is through enzymatic immobilization, which increases the efficiency and safety of production processes, allowing for better stability, reuse and separation

Versão 5 - Atualizado em 02/12/2021. of enzymes. In this context, a bibliometric analysis was performed. For the bibliometric analysis, the database was acquired from the WebOfScience website and consisted of 1,211 manuscripts, classified as Articles, Conference Articles and Review Articles. These articles are related to enzymatic immobilization in lignocellulosic materials and were published in the period from 2000 to 2022. From the analysis carried out, cooperation between China, USA and India was observed. China holds 28.07% of publications in this area. The Brazilian institution most involved in the subject was the University of São Paulo (USP). It was found that the constant search fields were the use of microbial biomass as enzymatic support and enzymatic immobilization. Considering the observed results, the next studies should focus on concrete applications of these new supports. To achieve these objectives, a study was carried out on the production of the aroma ester of geranyl butyrate, using the lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 in an esterification reaction, carried out with statistical planning using the Taguchi method, varying the temperature parameters from 30 to 50 °C, molar ratio between acid and alcohol from 1:1 to 1:9, percentage of biocatalyst from 5% to 15% and reaction time from 2 to 6 hours. The reaction time was the most influential factor in the process with a contribution percentage equal to 74.4%. The ideal levels for the reaction obtained after the statistical treatment were: L3 (6 hours) for the time, L3 (50°C) for the temperature, L2 (1:5 acid/alcohol) for the molar ratio and L3 (15%) for the percentage of biocatalyst, under these conditions, the theoretical conversion was 95.9%. After carrying out the proposed reaction, a conversion of 85.2±0.1% was observed. Finally, a docking and molecular dynamics study was conducted to evaluate the stability of the complexes formed between the ligand and Eversa. With the immobilization of the Eversa® Transform 2.0 lipase on the carnauba berry (Copernicia prunifera), it resulted in an increase in the synthesis yield of geranyl butyrate to 91.8±0.7%.