Fissura de lábio e palato no Ceará: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

The present dissertation has its objectives divided into two chapters and is characterized as an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, in which the sample consisted of secondary data from 42 medical records of individuals with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP), from 6 to 17 years old, of both sexes, born in Ceará, attended at Associação Beija Flor (n=) and Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (n=) from January/2020 to June/2022. Chapter 1 aimed to evaluate the dentocraniofacial characteristics of these patients. Data were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage or mean and standard deviation and submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The chi-square or Fisher's exact or Student's t tests were also applied. Agenesis was the most prevalent dental anomaly in the complete sample and overbite showed a statistically significant difference between the unilateral CLP (uCLP) and bilateral CLP (bCLP) groups (p=0.028). The USP and McNamara analyzes showed results further from normality for dental patterns and maxillary anteroposterior position in relation to the mandible for bCLP (p<0.05). Chapter 2 aimed to evaluate the correlation between dental ages, determined through the radiographic methods of Nolla, Demirjian and Nicodemo, and chronological age in these patients. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation and submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. Paired t and Pearson's correlation tests were also applied and error analysis was performed by calculating the inter-class and Dahlberg correlation coefficients. After categorizing under and over 10 years of age, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of each parameter were calculated, considering the entire sample and subgroups of sex and type of cleft. There was no significant difference of any method with the real age and all showed excellent correlation coefficients with the real age (Nolla: 0.905; Demirjian: 0.950; and, Nicodemo: 0.877). All methods presented optimal values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (>80%) in terms of gender, but the methods by Nolla and Demirjian had difficulty finding values for ages >10 years (62.5%) and <10 years (66.7%), respectively, for bCLP.