Ideologia e formação humana em Marx, Lukács e Mészáros

Abstract

The objective of this study is to define the category ‘ideology’ based on three authors (Marx, Lukács and Mészáros), and examine its role in the development of man, both the individuals and humankind as a whole. The three authors examine the category ‘ideology’ and its role in human development from an ontological point of view, which contrasts with the logical-gnoseological point of view prevailing in the reference literature in the fields of Philosophy and Education, both for Marxist and non-Marxist positions. From the ontological point of view, labor, an exclusively human activity, is seen as a central category, which shows the ability man has to change his subjectivity into the world’s objectivity. From the ontological point of view, the ‘ideologies’ are understood as types of consciousness, which sprout from the soil of man’s material life, and through which the human being becomes conscious of the social conflicts and makes the social praxis operational, which may change man’s subjectivity into objectivity in the human world. Ideologies are seen as rooted in material life, which means that the ideological inversions, typically found in class societies, correspond to material inversions of reality. The ontological approach considers the possibility to overcome the ideological inversions based on the possibility, placed in the historical setting by the capitalist means of production, to revolutionarily change society into communism, where, as far as human development is concerned, man will stop being a means of production in order to start fulfilling a broad and growing scope of human needs.