Proposta e validação de escala para avaliação de atitude em relação à mobilidade urbana sustentável

Abstract

This research aims to develop and validate an instrument capable of evaluating the attitudinal relationship between individuals and sustainable urban mobility, based on efforts related to public and active (bicycle and pedestrian) transport policies. Attitude represents an organization of beliefs, with an affective charge related to a social object, which predisposes to an especific action coherent with the cognitions and affections related to this analyzed object (RODRIGUES et al., 1999). The reason for conducting this research is because, although there are indexes of evaluation and monitoring of urban policies, these indicators do not analyze the relationships between users and the implemented sustainable mobility efforts. The 10-step methodology proposed by Costa (2011) was the basis used for process the scale´s development and validation. The location chosen for testing and validation was the city of Fortaleza, located in the Northeast of Brazil. This city is awarded and recognized worldwide for its sustainable urban mobility efforts, focus on public and active transportation. After carrying out two different tests, the final validation process was carried out with a sample of 265 participants. The tests performed were correlation analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, validity and reliability analysis. The final scales were constituted as follows: public transport policy, with 18 variables, grouped into 4 factors; bicycle transport policy, with 8 variables, grouped in 2 factors and pedestrian transport policy, with 12 variables, grouped in 3 factors. In a potential application of the scale, using multinomial logistic regression, it was found that efforts focused on sustainable transport can promote choices relative to more sustainable modes of transportation and is possible to change the current behavior of modal choice.