Dinâmica dos múltiplos usos da água em períodos de escassez hídrica: uma análise para bacia do Rio Choró, Ceará, Brasil.

Abstract

Drought events negatively impact hydrological systems and the socioeconomic development of a region, especially when located in the semi-arid. In this work, the Standardized Index of Precipitation was used to identify periods of water shortage in the Choró River Basin and how this impacts the city bathed by the basin in the economic and socio-environmental scopes. The SPI-12 showed a marked interannual and decadal variability, highlighting the period from 2011 to 2018 with the highest occurrence of intense drought events in the time series. From IBGE data, it was possible to identify a significant impact on the effective of herds (total cattle, goat and sheep) in most city as a result of the Moderate Drought event shown on SPI-48 in 2016. In the agricultural sector, the quantities produced and the average yield of beans and maize showed a significant reduction from 2013, year characterized with Moderate Drought event. The year 2011 - year with Moderate Humidity event, holds the largest quantities produced and average yield for both crops. Among the environmental impacts stands out, in some of the towns, the water insecurity due to the quality and quantity, both compromised by the conditions of scarcity and anthropic activities.