Qualidade da paisagem na zona de entorno de Unidades de Conservação do semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

The landscape structure affects the provision of ecosystem services. This concept has been used for the evaluation and conservation of natural ecosystems. The landscape mosaic is formed by protected areas, other native fragments and matrix in its surroundings. The present study is based on the premise that these components can be spatialized in a way that promote the maintenance of populations, and ensure the maintenance of biodiversity. We evaluated the ways of use and occupation of land surrounding the Ubajara National Park and Aiuaba Ecologial Station through descriptive landscape metrics and analysis of relevant documents. The surrounding UNP consists of conserved area (42.12%), bare soil (41.9%) and secondary vegetation (11.01%). The total of 53.09% permeable matrix, with 45.1% of nuclear areas high environmental quality. The PNU is composed of 82.97% for primary vegetation. In the Buffer Zone of the AEE, met 39.52% of conserved land and 31.22% of secondary vegetation - 70.74% high quality environmental areas, while EEA consists in 80.7% by primary vegetation. We observed a composition favorable for conservation. However, the absence of water bodies (UNP 0% and 0.54% in the AEE), low similarity between fragments and high density edges are environmental fragility factors. The landscape elements of these areas are within the context of conservation.