Coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos em Fortaleza-CE: uma avaliação do ecoponto do bairro de Fátima

Abstract

The growing generation of urban solid residues in Brazil and the intrinsic complexity of proper management led to the publication of Federal Law n°12.305/2010, which deals with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). This Law dispels management responsibility for all spheres of public power (federal, state and municipal) and establishes, among various instruments, the preparation of solid waste plans and the implementation of selective collection. In Fortaleza-CE, the city government has been developing a selective collection program composed of several projects and actions aimed at meeting the objectives of the PNRS. The project started in 2015 with the installation of the first Voluntary Delivery Point - PEV in the city, in the neighborhood of Fátima. The general objective of this study was to evaluate how the implementation and management of the Ecopoint in the neighborhood of Fátima has contributed to making selective collection in the city feasible. It is an qualitative study, with direct observation of the systematic operation of the Ecopoint for technical and political evaluation of the project, using as evaluative pespective the process evaluation. Interviews were conducted with the managers of the state and municipal departments of the environment and with the Ecopoint users in the neighborhood of Fátima. The main technique used for data collection was the semi-structured interview. The testimonies collected were analyzed according to Bardin. The research showed that managers and users positively evaluated the Ecoponto as a selective collection instrument, pointing out as positive indicators: the reduction of garbage points, the number of users registered in the PRF, the incentive for selective collection and the amount of waste received at each Ecopoint. As points that need improvement, users pointed out: environmental education, greater number of Ecopoints and more dissemination, while managers in turn indicated: faster delivery of Ecopoints, improving the physical structure, more dissemination and improvement in the integrated waste management system , through public policies and programs for insertion of carters and garbage collectors, such as the É carter, social franchise and É collector. It can be concluded that the current solid waste management model in Fortaleza does not meet the PNRS hierarchy of principles: non- generation, reuse and recycling. On the contrary, it emphasizes only “post-consumption” and does not create “pre-consumption” actions, in addition to not making generators responsible for the life cycle of products, so that the government still holds most of the production chain of sw, not bringing the significant changes so desired a recommended by PNRS.