Cultivo do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei em sistema híbrido superintensivo, com zero descarga e reuso de água

Abstract

The superintensification of Litopenaeus vannamei systems is a response to problems related to low biosafety, environmental and economic sustainability of previous cropping systems, and new techniques are currently being evaluated in order to maximize gains and decrease production costs. The objective of this study was to follow and describe the process of cultivation of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, carried out in circular tanks at the Aquatic Organisms Nutrition Laboratory (LANOA) of the Center for Coastal Aquaculture Studies (CEAC) of the Institute of Marine Sciences Labomar / UFC). Twenty five circular tanks of 7.96 m3 (area of 5.31 m2 x 1.50 m depth) were used outdoors, each equipped with individual inlet and outlet of water, with oxygen levels kept close to saturation through constant aeration and with recirculation and reuse of water during all cultivation. A total of 87,500 individuals were used to populate 25 tanks, containing 3,500 individuals per tank. The culture water was fertilized with ground commercial feed and with a fermented rice residues material and live yeasts the growth of heterotrophic bacteria before and during cultivation. The mean values (± standard deviation, minimum- maximum) of salinity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and settleable solids in the water of the culture tanks were 42 ± 2 g / L (n = 1,125), 7,24 ± 0,58 = 1.125), 29.6 ± 1.3 ° C (n = 1,125), 3.75 ± 0.62 mg / L (n = 325) and 0,64 ± 0,45 (n = 550), respectively, were maintained in a standard considered suitable for L. vannamei. The nitrite was kept below 1 mg / L during all cultivation. The final survival rate was 82%, weekly growth of 1.17 g / week, body weight up to 12.99, productivity gain of 5,655 g / m2 and FCA, mean of 1.63. It was concluded that juveniles of shrimp L. vannamei are able to withstand storage densities of up to 659 shrimp / m2 without compromising their survival and growth, and that the cultivation system adopted was efficient for good maintenance of water quality parameters.