Avaliação do potencial anti-inflamatório e antioxidante do ácido anacárdico do LCC (Líquido da Casca da Castanha de Caju) em modelo experimental de Doença de Crohn

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease represents a group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. The two main categories are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Even with pharmacological treatments and therapeutic strategy recommended, the remission of the disease is complex. In the literature there are publications with studies related to cashews and the effectiveness of their pharmacological activities, among them: antidiabetic, bactericidal, gastroprotective and antiinflammatory. This study investigated the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effect of anacardic acid from cashew LCC (AA) in an experimental model of Crohn's disease. 54 male Wistar rats (150 to 200g) were used. For the experimental model, TNBS was diluted in 50% 0.4mL ethanol and administered rectally (0.8 ml / animal). The animals were divided into eight experimental groups (06 animals / group): saline group, TNBS group, anacardic acid (AA) group (doses: 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg / kg), dexamethasone group (2 mg / kg) and tween group 80 (2%). On the third day, one hour after the last treatment, the animals were euthanized and a 5 cm extension of the colon collected for morphometric, histological and biochemical analyzes. Macroscopic parameters: macroscopic scores and wet weight. Microscopic parameters: microscopic scores, mastocytosis and immunohistochemistry for IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2. Biochemical parameters: myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokine dosage IL-1β and TNF-α, determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde activity (MDA). Ganglion changes of the myenteric plexus were verified by determining the ganglion area by planimetry (Image J). Parametric data were analyzed by variance test (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test and for histological scores Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test. It has been found that there is significant antioxidant activity in the anacardic acid of cashew nuts (AA) and that it has no toxicity for cell proliferation in vitro. The AA 10.0 mg / kg group showed significant reduction of macroscopic scores and wet weight, as well as microscopic scores, total mast cells and immunohistochemistry for interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), inferferon alfa (TNF-α) and COX- 2 when compared to the TNBS group. MPO activity and IL-1β cytokine concentration showed a significant reduction in the group treated with AA10.0 mg / kg. For reduced glutathione, AA10.0 mg / kg prevented GSH consumption and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA concentration when compared to the TNBS group. AA promoted the maintenance of the myenteric plexus ganglion. We conclude that anacardic acid from cashew LCC (Anacardium occidentale Linn) has a potent biological potential capable of reversing the inflammatory and oxidative processes of Chron Disease, in an experimental model induced by TNBS.