Uma leitura de Los ríos profundos, de José María Arguedas, a partir da heterogeneidade e da melancolia no narrador

Abstract

The present work realizes a reading of Los ríos profundos ([1958] 2016) José María Arguedas (1911-1969) novel, from to relation among the heterogeneity and the melancholy in the narrator. Cornejo Polar ([1970; 1972] 2008) has analyzed the presence in the heterogeneity in Arguedas novel, i.e., the conflictive intersection of two or more distinct sociocultural universes, however, the critical Ángel Rama ([1982] 2008) interpreted that the opus, despite the found cultural condition, provides a harmonious result in the narrative. Alberto Moreiras (2000), in a revisionist reading of Arguedian critique, has proposed the impossibility of transculturation and, because of it, the validity in the point of view of Cornejo Polar. In front of the presentation of problematic, the research has as objective to analyze the heterogeneity and the melancholy in the narrator as a base, mainly, in the debate of Cornejo Polar, Walter Benjamin ([1921] 2013); ([1940] 2016) e Susana Kampff Lages (2007). It stands out that this research does not own engagement with the clinical area or psychoanalytical. The hypothesis which sustains the work is that the narrator of Los ríos profundos is not only heterogeneous but also melancholic since his relationship with the past and the distinct realities presented in the narrative is not resolved. About the methodology, the research adopts the comparative perspective, which encompasses in accord with Ana Pizarro (1985), the differences in Latin American literature itself as enough to the realization of a job like this. According to this, the first chapter debates the heterogeneity and narrative transculturation, theories that were applied to Arguedas’ opus, but also realizes a panorama of the melancholy term, since it emerging until the interpretations of Lages about the Benjamim’s opus; the second, the debate about the representation of melancholy in the Peruvian literature, in special in the indigenous literature, and their implications in Arguedas’ opus; at last, the third chapter, the reflexion about the narrator embased in the heterogeneity and in the melancholy. The dissertation confirms the relation of heterogeneity and the melancholy in the narrator of Los ríos profundos; therefore, it validates the reading of the work by that bias.