A Evolução dos sistemas cerâmicos a partir da avaliação de resistência flexural: revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: Dental ceramics are characterized by two phases: glassy and crystalline. The proportion between these phases dictates the mechanical and optical properties of the ceramic system, with the addition of reinforcing materials to the crystalline phase, linked to the magnitude of the flexural strength, which is the ability of a material to withstand the forces that cause its curvature without fracture. The clinical relevance of this property is made, especially, in the act of mastication, when different masticatory efforts occur. Objective: To review the literature on the evaluation of flexural strength of dental ceramics, thus evaluating the evolution of these systems. Method: We searched the PubMED / SciELO databases, limiting to full-text articles available in the English language, during the period of the last 10 years. The descriptors used were: "dental porcelain and dental ceramics and material resistance". We found 19 articles, ten of them selected from the readings of titles and abstracts. There was also extensive domain research, where 14 articles were found and selected. Results: Ceramics: feldspathic, reinforced with mica particles, leucite, lithium disilicate, alumina, zirconia and spinell reinforced polycrystalline have flexural strength that increases in harmony with the increase of the crystalline phase and through the composition of the material used. Conclusion: The studies evidenced the evolution of ceramic systems with notable optimization of flexural strength and initial limitations of indicating these systems, however new studies should be conducted to investigate the behavior of these materials, considering the innumerable variables of the biological environment.