Cartilha educativa para prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of an intervention using an educational booklet to increase knowledge and adherence regarding the care to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. This is a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCT), carried out in three public maternity hospitals in Fortaleza-CE between January 2017 and May 2018. A total of 104 HIV-positive mothers were eligible for the study, however, due to the discontinuity criteria, there was a 56.7% loss, leaving a final sample of 45 women (Intervention group = 24, Control Group = 21). Pregnant women from the control group (CG) had been under the routine care and the intervention group (IG) had additional access to the educational booklet to be tested. The research was carried out in three stages (Evaluation 1 + Randomization + Intervention, Evaluation 2 and Evaluation 3). Assessment 2 happened the next day, and the consultation schedules followed the first telephone assessment between 7 and 15 days after a baseline. The third evaluation occurred 30 days after delivery, by phone or in person. Statistical analysis, parametric and non-parametric comparative test for intra and intergroup comparisons were done. The research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee under protocol numbers: 1.684.549 and 1930.501, in addition to the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials ((ReBEC: UTN: U1111-1191-9954). The groups were homogeneous in relation to the sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant women, except for race (p = 0.030). The notion of intergroups in the average range of women's knowledge throughout the study. However, in the intragroup analysis of the three phases of the study, the intervention became effective to improve the knowledge of the pregnant women. p = 0.033) relative to the baseline. The first to respond to care for the prevention of vertical transmission was performed in relation to CG (p = 0.021). In the intragroup analysis, it has been shown that the booklet intervention was effective in improving adherence to care for preventing HIV vertical transmission during pregnancy (p<0,001). In the intergroup comparison of mean scores for the response to non-postpartum care, there was no difference between the groups (p = 0.731). It has been recognized that the booklet intervention enhanced short and long-term knowledge toward the adherence of care to prevent HIV vertical transmission in soropositive pregnant women with the access of this technology. This intervention may be astrategy to be used during the prenatal care in order to empower HIV+ mothers, offering support for additional information to conduct the needed measures to minimize HIV vertical transmission.