A participação no debate das políticas públicas de cultura: da Rouanet ao Procultura

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the process of participation on the rewriting of the “Lei de Incentivo à Cultura – Lei Rouanet” (Law of Cultural Incentives) and the creation of the billl of Law n° 6722/2012, called “Procultura”. To address this issue, the debates that occurred in two seminars promoted by the House of Representatives, between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed Using the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), outlined by the tridimensional model of Norman Fairclough (2001) as a starting point, the tensions and political struggle that happened during the consolidation of a new mechanism for cultural incentives in Brazil are placed at stake, understanding these discourses not only as text and language, but also in the context of social and discursive practices. The study shows, initially, an approach to democracy and participation from different democratic traditions, such as representative, participative, deliberative and radical democracies. The study also reasons about the relations between civil society and the State, highlighting some limits of participation from the civil realm. To situate the debate in the national context, the history of the constitution of the Brazilian democratic model is exposed, from the participative institutions created after the Constitution of 1988 to the “petista” way of ruling (from the PT party), with special notice to the places of participation offered by the governments of Lula and Dilma. It is also shown that, a contextualization around cultural policies, the consequences of participation in the construction of cultural policies and the tools and spaces disseminated in the “petistas” governments to approach the civil sphere of policy-making, with public consultations, forums and other procedures that make up the current democratic context. Finally, the work draws an overview of the public debate regarding the PROCULTURA bill, which seeks to replace the law in place for more than 20 years in the country. Through the three-dimensional model of CDA, some of the most significant voices present in seminars as well as effects of discourse are raised. Opposed to these discourses which was incorporated into the text of the bill can be realized that, despite the presence of conflict in the debate and the progress made in establishing a dialogue with society, participatory spaces for the structuring of cultural policies: a) are not sufficient to generate policy-making b) prevailed in the existing text substitute, the demands of a majority group composed of the tripod government-company-parliament, without being incorporated into the main claim of most representatives of artistic segments, to the exclusion of the range 100% tax waiver. Reflecting about the prospects for the cultural sector, the paper addresses the interconnections between cultural policies and citizen participation, bringing up the scenario which incorporates the democratization of access to culture and its social consequences.