Os impactos socioambientais gerados pela dinâmica do arranjo produtivo em ambientes lacustres no baixo curso do Rio Jaguaribe

Abstract

The Lower Jaguaribe is one of the most attractive regions for the installation of different economic activities that involve small, medium and large enterprises, the main factor of this conjuncture is the Jaguaribe River, main river of Ceará. Several activities are developed along the river that are directly linked to the environmental dynamics of its basin. Two of the main activities developed along the Jaguaribe River, mainly in the region of your lower course, are shrimp farming and fruit growing. Feeded by discourse of local economic development in the municipalities where they are inserted, both activities were disseminated in large scale by the Lower Jaguaribe region. Shrimp farming, characterized by the intensive production of shrimp, supported by the success that it obtained in the coast, after understanding numerous technological advances related to its larviculture system, the activity began to allow the adaptation of marine species to waters of low salinity, which allowed these species to be cultivated the inland waters, and thus, that there was the expansion of the market. Fruit farming, characterized by the large scale exploration and production of edible fruits has its insertion in the 1970s, when it is the main development of the Northeast, was based on the idealization of irrigation projects aimed at agricultural production. The irrigated perimeters linked to the various advantages granted by the public power were important drivers for the consolidation of the activity in the region. However, both activities have great water demand for the development of their entire productive process, and this becomes one of the main problems that surround their dynamics, especially in periods of long and intense droughts. A lack of availability for the maintenance of activities is one of the main causes of conflicts connected in the water in the Northeast, while lack of water for a large part of the population and small producers in these places, these large enterprises maintain their productions. The objective of this research was to discuss the socioenvironmental and economic impacts caused by the inclusion of activities of this size considering the natural environment of the Lagoon of São Bento, located in the municipality of Jaguaruana-CE. The lagoon over the years was impacted by these activities, which completely modified the natural landscape and consolidated new forms of use to this environment, directly impacting the socio-spatial dynamics of the surrounding communities. The impacts were observed not only in the environmental dynamics but also in the social dynamics of the communities directly linked to these lagoons, since in the period represented by this research there are also the impacts caused by the drought of 2012-2016. Regarding this theme, there were cases of injustice related to the use of water, well distributed to the agribusiness sectors and denied to the common good of the population of Jaguaruana.