Perfil sociodemográfico e caracterização odontolegal de lesões no complexo bucomaxilofacial de periciados de um instituto de ciência forense do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil

Abstract

Trauma due to external causes represents one of the greatest challenges for public health services in different regions of the world. In this context, the present thesis consists of two chapters that aim, respectively: 1) to carry out a systematic review on facial trauma related to violence and obtained from forensic departments; 2) to describe the sociodemographic aspects and odontolegial characteristics of bucomaxillofacial lesions identified in a forensic center in Ceará. In Chapter 1, a systematic review registered on the PROSPERO platform under number 42018087331 was carried out according to the recommendations of the PRISMA guideline. The results of this systematic review were based on 8 articles selected from a 2-step process. The papers were published between 2007 and 2018 and most of them reported individuals who were victims of physical violence, female, in the third and fourth decades of life, married and working outside the home. Aggression usually occurred in the home environment being performed by men, usually intimate partners who used physical force through punching and kicking during aggression. Soft tissue injuries such as bruising were strongly associated with the lips, being more prevalent than dentoalveolar traumas and facial fractures. In chapter 2 a retrospective study was carried out with records of pericited persons from the Forensic Unit of the State of Ceará (PEFOCE) cataloged from 2006 to 2017. In this study, 1031 corporal injury examinations were analyzed, most of them related to physical aggression (p < 0.001) by men (p < 0.001). The main characteristics of the victims were: age between 21-30 years (p < 0.001), salaried workers (p < 0.001), with soft tissue and dentoalveolar lesions. Household violence (p <0.001) by the victim's partner (p < 0.001) was statistically significant, being associated with blunt instruments (p < 0.001) and occurrence of soft tissue injury (p < 0.001). In traffic accidents, the most common type was motorcycle riding (p < 0.001), in working days (p = 0.036), in the night shift (p = 0.134), being associated with bone fractures (p = 0.001). As a conclusion of the two chapters, we have: 1) the systematic review showed victims with face trauma mostly female, married, between the third and fourth decades of life, generally attacked by men in the home environment; 2) the retrospective study found that maxillofacial injuries were significantly associated with sociodemographic and etiological factors in the sample studied.