Aspectos químicos, do estudo químico-farmacológico-agronômico de aroeiras-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva fr. all), silvestres e cultivadas

Abstract

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Alem. (Anacardiaceae) is the scientific designation of “aroeira-do-sertão”, whose medicinal use is widespread throughout the rural population of the northeastern Brazil. Its inner trunk bark decoction is ethnopharmacologically used to treat cutaneous affections, urinary and respiratory diseases, as an aseptic bath postpartum, and as a remedy to other gynecological problems. “Aroeira-do-sertão” has been included by IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) list of native species under extinction threat. This work has as the main objective the phytochemical part of an interdisciplinary study (Chemistry/Pharmacology/Agronomy) aiming the development of a sustainable exploration, through the phytochemical and pharmacological study of several parts of wild and cultivated plants. The isolation and characterization studies were performed by NMR and UPLC-UV-ESI-TOF-MS monitoration, while the chromatographic fractionations were performed using traditional (silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns) and modern techniques [High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and, High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (HSCCC)]. In addition to the isolation, dereplication studies by UPLC-UV-ESI-TOF-MS and NMR were also carried out to compare the chemical composition of different extracts of wild and cultivated M. urundeuva. The phytochemical study of wild and cultivated plants allowed the isolation and characterization by NMR, IV and mass of 69 compounds, belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites such as dimeric chalcones, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, megastigmanes. Among them, 26 compounds have not been reported in the literature yet. Dereplication studies by UPLC-UV -TOF-MS allowed the identification of 31 compounds. The pharmacological study of the root decoction of cultivated specimens of M. urundeuva showed that the extract has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, through studies in models of Parkinson's disease and behavioral tests. The present study also evaluated the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of the stem bark decoction of a cultivated specimen of M. urundeuva, in the alloxan-induced diabetes model. The decoction from leaves of cultivated M. urundeuva showed anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils.