Levantamento de técnicas de sistemas de drenagem sustentáveis aplicáveis em pontos críticos de alagamentos identificados na cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

The development and urbanization process transformed cities into large areas of impermeable soil, modifying the hydrological cycle, favouring surface water runoff and occurrence of floods. The objective of this research is to collect data on Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS), as an alternative or complementary form to conventional drainage systems, because climate change projections reveal that extreme events are expected to occur more often. In order for SuDS to function as expected, they must be strategically placed in locations that maximize their impact in capturing water runoff. The methodology used consisted in identifying the critical points of floods, based on data provided by the City of Fortaleza. These points were characterized in terms of topography, land use and drainage infrastructure, in order to provide useful information so that sustainable techniques suitable for different situations can be suggested. Based on studies carried out on the subject, it was verified that the characteristics of Fortaleza support the implantation of green roofs, swales, bioretention systems, trees, pervious pavements, detention basins, rain gardens, among others. In this way, it can be concluded that Fortaleza has a great potential to absorb different sustainable drainage techniques, and that correct application of these will probably lead to a decrease of surface runoff flow, resulting in a relief in the conventional drainage system and mitigating floods.