Zoneamento geoambiental aplicado ao ordenamento territorial do município de Maranguape - CE

Abstract

In the last decades of the twentieth century, environmental concern gained prominence in the world scenario, be it economic or scientific. The old model of economy, based on the overexploitation of environmental resources, now finds a great obstacle to its perpetuation: The environment. In this scenario of contradiction between the current economic model and the environmental theme, it becomes increasingly necessary to plan and organize the land on a sustainable basis, in order to minimize negative impacts on the environment and ensure the perpetuation / maintenance of productivity and Livelihoods of local populations. In this context is the municipality of Maranguape. It belongs to the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza - RMF, the city had its occupation related to the exploration of the local ecological potential and to the proximity of the regional center, located in the city of Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará. From the exploitation of ores to the cultivation of sugar cane; From sugarcane to agriculture and livestock; From agriculture to tourism; And from this, finally, to the industrialization and development of the tertiary sector, all these cycles have imprinted o n the municipal territory marks of their action. Thus, it is necessary to discuss the issue of DEVELOPMENT, related to the ENVIRONMENT and bring to the light of the discussion a model of environmental exploration less impacting environmentally, socially and ecologically in order to guarantee the full development of the municipality. The main objective of this work was to delimit the geoenvironmental units of the municipality of Maranguape - CE, correlating the uses and their impacts on the environment and, thus, proposing environmentally viable alternatives to local development. In order to achieve the above objective, the following steps were taken: Delimit the geoenvironmental units of the municipality of Maranguape - CE; Identify the forms of land use and occupation and their impacts on the environment; And Perform the geoenvironmental zoning, in order to define units of use compatible with environmental weaknesses / potentialities. The definition of zones, based on the environmental sustainability, aims to make compatible the exploitation of natural resources and conservation / preservation of the environment. Each spatially delimited unit presents dynamics as well as environmental characteristics, quite different from each other, requiring a set of differentiated actions to maintain its quality. Recognizing the potentialities and limitations of each distinct landscape unit allows the planner to better use natural resources and ensure the maintenance of environmental quality, also allows the economic exploitation of the territory in a sustainable way, thus ensuring the preservation From the environment to future generations. From this perspective, the present work seeks to define areas of better use, taking into account the natural constraints of each landscape unit in the municipality of Maranguape. The present study took as a theoretical basis the systemic view, above all, the concepts of Bertrand's Geosystem (1968), the Ecodynamics of Tricart (1977) and the concepts of environmental systems presented by Ross (2009). The methodological basis of the present work took as a reference the ideas of Santos (2004) and Rodriguez e Silva (2013) about the process and the essential elements in the process of environmental zoning of an area using as an evaluation method the work of Crepani et. Al. (2001) with the appropriate adaptations, seeking to adapt it to the different environmental characteristics of the area in question. After analyzing the results, most of the area presents the degree of vulnerability, if the conditioning, the low slopes and the pedological conditions of the area. Moderate vulnerability environments predominate in the more undulating relief areas with less developed and deeper soils. On the other hand, environments classified as very low and high vulnerability are restricted in small areas of the municipal territory. As areas of high vulnerability, they are restricted to the saws sectors, being a slope and the soils of the main ones responsible for the values of vulnerability found. On the other hand, as areas of very low vulnerability, they are restricted to areas of flat relief and more developed soils. Each zone (named Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, respectively) was delimited taking into account the degree of vulnerability of their environments, as well as greater or degree of vulnerability, greater as limitations to the use, and consequently, the lower the degree of vulnerability. Vulnerability, minor as limitations on use.