Resolução de problemas: uma proposta metodológica

Abstract

In contrast to the overuse of routine exercises, resolved through rules and standard procedures, which do not stimulate initiative and mathematics student autonomy, we present a collection of problems containing a minimal amount of content to address them, but demanding enough creativity and reasoning. They are interesting problems, in order to instigate, provoke, challenge the student, thus providing a greater interest in the study of mathematics and making the lessons of this most attractive and enjoyable course. also we list the solution of each of them, exposing some comments and considerations to the teacher. Parallel to this, as a methodological approach, we suggest solving problems - theory developed by Hungarian mathematician George Polya - that seeks to stimulate the ability to "learn to learn" the student, accustoming him to determine the answers themselves, following their strategies, expose their difficulties, analyze and verify their solutions. We call the attention of the balance preached by Elon Lages between conceptualization, handling and application as fundamental components to the learning of mathematics process. We also propose a future project of application of this work, as their source of inspiration is born of a need to change the reality experienced in public schools regarding the teaching of mathematics.