O humanismo teórico de Che Guevara

Abstract

The controversial thesis of Louis Althusser about the epistemological rupture in the work of Karl Marx created several divergences among the Marxists in the last decades of the 20th century. His main idea is the division of Marx’s thought into two moments: the young Marx, moment in which his thought would be inserted in the ideological problematic of the theoretical humanism of the philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach; and the Marx of maturity, moment in which Marx would have established the science of history and created thesis and concepts for a new problematic, the historical and dialectical materialism. This idea is opposed to the interpretation about a linear evolution in Marx’s thought, as we can see in György Lukács. Therefore, by the aid of bibliographical analysis, the aim of this text is to rescue the thesis of Althusser about the epistemological rupture in Marx’s thought and, with this thesis, interpret the thought of Ernesto “Che” Guevara, one of the leaders of the Cuban Revolution in 1959. Che’s thought about the new man with a socialist moral unleashed debates about the material conditions for the transition to socialism e promoted theoretical and concrete practices in the beginning of the revolution. Thus, this interpretation about the ideas and practices of Che indicates that his thought is grounded in the theoretical humanism that involves the thought of the young Marx.