Utilização da algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) como plataforma para a obtenção de bionanocompósito

Abstract

This work seeks to develop a bionanocompósito drawn from galactomannan and crystals nanocelulose, both obtained from Prosopis juliflora. Initially, carob pods were subjected to grinding, milling, heating, filtration and centrifugation in order to yield a viscous solution which, with the addition of ethanol, the precipitate was possible galactomannan. So all fractions, and galactomannan fiber capsules were separated. The gum obtained was lyophilized and characterized, as its composition, as well as the fibrous fractions. Further, the fibers of the capsules underwent the hydrothermal process mesquite, followed by a bleaching with H2O2 and NaOH solutions) and acidic hydrolysis (H2SO4 60% v / v) for extracting nanocelulose. After hydrolysis one estávl suspension nanocelulose characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR and zeta potential was obtained. Then galactomannan films were prepared, starting from a 5% (w / v) polysaccharide solution using glycerol as plasticizer. Movies, nanocelulose were added at concentrations of 3, 5 and 7%, and evaluated the influence of the addition of the nanocrystals in the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties to water vapor. The galactomannan extracted from mesquite presented, respectively, in protein, lipid, ash and moisture content of 5.3%, 2.3%, 4.0% and 5.2% and characteristic thermal behavior, showing exothermic event to 284.7 ° C, typical of his degradation. Their functional groups identified by FTIR, and determination of its mass and molar ratio mannose / galactose. The fiber showed considerable differences in their levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, insoluble lignin, extractives, ash and moisture, after treatments. These results were corroborated by analysis of FTIR, XRD and TGA. And through the characterizations of the films, it was proved that there were improvements in the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties, the obtained biocomposites, with the addition of nanocelulose.