Modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica associada a sistemas de informações geográficas para identificação de planícies de inundação e simulação do perfil d’água em um trecho do rio Maranguapinho

Abstract

This study presents techniques for the hydraulic analysis of the main watercourse of a basin, using geoprocessing tools in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The context in that GIS is inserted in the hydrologic modeling, as well as, in the hydraulic analysis of a river is described, especially, the input data of the models. The processing of hydrologic models requests the meeting of data of the basin, as well as meteorological data, for then they be chosen the rainfall-runoff transformation methods, considering parameters related to such methods, as loss factors for infiltration, evapotranspiration, losses in drains, etc. In the same way, in hydraulic studies of rivers, it is worked with a very big number of data, considering variations of features in a same analysis section and in the several sections. Therefore, the association among geoprocessing tools, hydrologic and hydraulics modeling, is shown highly recommendable, once the database generated in GIS become automatic exhaustive tasks of input of data in softwares used in this studies, as it is the case of HEC-HMS and of the HEC-RAS. As form of application of the methodology of simulation, integrating several softwares, it was accomplished the study of a reach of Rio Maranguapinho, located in the Municipal district of Fortaleza, State of Ceará, Brazil. Like this, it intends to demonstrate the advantages of the hydrologic and hydraulic simulation, associated the use of the geoprocessing, for analyses in projects regarding the water resources, presenting concrete instruments, such as, tables, graphs and representative maps, for evaluation sceneries of possible flood, allowing the elaboration of occupation politics and use of the urban soil.