Diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da mineração de carvão em Moatize, Moçambique - como subsídio ao planejamento

Abstract

This research aims to provide socio-environmental diagnosis at Moatize district, from geoecology landscape, as support for the actions of environmental zoning. Located in central part of Mozambique, the Moatize district, has undergone through various human interventions over the years, and as a result of conflicts of land use by the mining, agriculture and livestock activities that are somehow impacting the environment. The problems of land management come from the colonial period, rising to widen into civil war when thousands of families were forced to leave their homes (as victims of the civil war) taking refuge in different places inside and outside the country and recently, the growing demand in the exploitation of mineral resources and the availability of various areas for the practice of mining, brought to surface the difficulties that exist on the part of local structures in space management. This research studied the attributes of geoenvironmental system (geology, geomorphology, climate, water resources, soils, vegetation and fauna) and ways to use and manage the land, to contextualize the research area and establish boundaries for protected areas taking into consideration the interaction between environmental issues and the use of the land. The theoretical-methodological approach was the geosystemic and geo ecologic landscape analysis, bibliographic, cartographic surveys and fieldwork. From this methodology six geoenvironmental units were identified: The Zambezian depression, central plain, plateau. The study was performed with instruments derived from geo and remote sensing as basic support for spatial analysis tool. This study helped to define the environmental zoning proposals, as commitment to preserve the environment and, from there, to intensify discussions on environmental planning and management in different regions of the country and help as an aid to orientation in decision making.