Resíduos sólidos submersos em lagoa costeira em Jijoca de Jericoacora, CE

Abstract

The increasing industrialization process and consumption of goods and services that the world has been through brought the problem of solid waste. In Brazil, several policies were created on the attempt to give a correct destination to those wastes, however it’s noticeable the need for population to participate in the management of the waste, since they play an important part on the generation of litter. The Jijoca’s Lagoon is located on the city of Jijoca de Jericoacoara in the state of Ceará, this area belongs to the Área de Proteção Ambiental da Lagoa de Jijoca de Jericoacoara (APA), despite of this it was found several types of waste disposed on the area and inside of the lagoon. Due to the increasing number of visitors in vacation period and being a coastal environment, the lagoon it’s susceptible to the accumulation of many types of litter. The purpose of this work it’s to analyze the disposal of solid wastes in two different areas as well as characterize, quantify and classify according to the type of generation source and to create solutions to the irregular disposal. Five samples were taken every two months between november 2012 and july 2013 in two different points. One point is located in front of an urban center and presents a great flow of local residents, the other point it's located in front of the tent Buenas Vistas, with great inflow of foreign and domestic tourists. For better performance, the samples and image records were taken while Scuba diving and, during the dry period, while snorkelling. The delimitation of the area was made using steel stakes and polyester lines, with 90 m of lenght streched out in the chosen margin of the lagoon and another one with 40 m, from the margin to the interior of the lagoon. The collected wastes were found mostly on the urban area and amounted 69,3 kg, they were: in higher amount the plastic wastes, organic and construction wastes, it was also found non-recyclable waste, rubber, glass, textile and metal wastes. The amount of litter colected didn't present a direct relation to high touristic season. The results revealed that the main responsables for the acummulation of debris in the lagoon were the residents themselves, only insignificant amount of waste was found on the touristic area. These results shows the need to promote a conscientization of the residents and local traders to the correct destination of garbage and the susteinable use of the lagoon.